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        "*": "<div style=\"background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; border-radius:16px; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:12px;\">'''<font color=#B40431><font size=4>This is an administrative page that is only accessible to site editors.<br></font></font>'''The space immediately below this notice can be used to experiment with new ideas for the site, avoiding the need to create new pages until their contents are fully ready for publication. This space will expand to accommodate whatever you add, and anything you want to retain for a longer period can be added to the bottom of the page.</div>\n\n<br><br><br><br>\n\n\n\n--------\n\n= Introduction to Helminthic Therapy =\n\n== What Is Helminthic Therapy? ==\n\nHelminthic therapy is an emerging medical approach that uses carefully selected microscopic intestinal organisms\u2014called ''therapeutic helminths''\u2014to help restore healthy immune balance. These organisms have co-evolved with humans and play a natural role in regulating immune function.\n\nTherapeutic helminths are chosen for their unique safety profile. They:\n* Remain confined to the digestive tract  \n* Do not replicate inside the body  \n* Cause no known disease  \n* Can be fully and reliably cleared with a single dose of standard anti-parasitic medication  \n\nThey are used under controlled conditions by individuals seeking alternatives for chronic immune-related conditions.\n\n== Why Use Helminths? ==\n\nThe human body evolved in the constant presence of a rich internal ecosystem\u2014including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and helminths. Many of these organisms played active roles in helping the immune system develop and stay balanced. In modern industrialized societies, widespread sanitation, antibiotics, and pathogen elimination have disrupted this evolutionary relationship.\n\nAs a result, the immune system may become hyperreactive or misdirected. This is one explanation for the rise in conditions such as:\n* Autoimmune diseases  \n* Allergies and asthma  \n* Chronic inflammation  \n\nHelminthic therapy is one strategy for restoring part of that lost biological complexity. Reintroducing a specific type of beneficial organism may help reestablish immune regulation and reduce inflammatory responses.\n\n== Therapeutic Helminths: What They Are ==\n\nOnly a small number of helminth species are suitable for therapy. Each meets strict criteria for safety, predictability, and reversibility. Therapeutic helminths are:\n* Tiny and non-invasive  \n* Contained entirely within the gut  \n* Short-lived or easily removed  \n* Non-replicating in the human body  \n* Naturally compatible with human physiology  \n\nCommon species include:\n* ''Necator americanus'' (NA) \u2013 human hookworm  \n* ''Trichuris suis ova'' (TSO) \u2013 pig whipworm  \n* ''Hymenolepis diminuta'' (HD) \u2013 rat tapeworm  \n* ''Hymenolepis nana'' (HN) \u2013 dwarf tapeworm (used selectively)\n\nEach species offers different advantages depending on the individual\u2019s condition, goals, and biological context.\n\n''See also:'' [[Helminths used in helminthic therapy]]\n\n== Immune Conditions and Applications ==\n\nHelminthic therapy has been explored by individuals and researchers in a wide range of immune-related conditions, including:\n\n* Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis  \n* Multiple sclerosis  \n* Asthma, eczema, and allergies  \n* Food sensitivities  \n* Autism spectrum traits  \n* Chronic migraines, ME/CFS, psoriasis, and other inflammatory conditions  \n\nReported outcomes vary. Some individuals experience substantial and lasting benefit, while others see more modest shifts. Success appears to depend on factors such as species used, dose, immune history, gut health, and overall system resilience.\n\n''See also:'' [[Conditions treated with helminthic therapy]]\n\n== Understanding Safety ==\n\nTherapeutic helminths are selected for their exceptional safety record. They have been studied in clinical settings and used by thousands of individuals over the past two decades. Key safety features inc\n\n\n--------\n\n\n= Deeper Learning: Explore Helminthic Therapy in Detail =\n\nThis page provides a gateway to the more technical, historical, and experiential aspects of helminthic therapy. If you are already familiar with the basics and want to explore specific areas in more depth, the following sections will guide you.\n\n== Scientific Foundations ==\n\nHelminthic therapy is supported by decades of scientific inquiry into the role of helminths in immune regulation, biome depletion, and inflammation. Clinical trials and laboratory studies have explored how helminths influence cytokine expression, T-reg cell behavior, microbiome composition, and more.\n\n* [[Scientific_studies]]\n* [[How helminthic therapy works]]\n* [[Biome depletion and the hygiene hypothesis]] \n\n== History and Evolution of the Therapy ==\n\nFrom early observations in developing countries to modern clinical experimentation, the history of helminthic therapy reflects a shift in thinking about parasites, immunity, and health. This section explores key milestones, research programs, and public interest stories that shaped the field.\n\n* [[History of helminthic therapy]] \n* [[Key publications and pioneers]] \n\n== Species Used in Therapy ==\n\nNot all helminths are alike. Each species used in therapy offers a different profile of immune effects, host compatibility, persistence, and practicality. This section compares the main species used and includes sourcing considerations.\n\n* [[Helminths used in helminthic therapy]]\n* [[Species comparison guide]] \n* [[Choosing the right helminth]] \n\n== Dosing and Protocols ==\n\nHow many organisms? How often? What\u2019s the difference between species in terms of tolerance buildup, maintenance schedules, and symptom response? This section outlines practical information from both research and real-world application.\n\n* [[Helminth dosing and protocols]]\n* [[Starting a helminthic regimen]] \n* [[Managing die-off and immune flares]] \n\n== Risks, Contraindications, and Side Effects ==\n\nWhile therapeutic helminths are chosen for their safety, they are biologically active and require thoughtful use. This section outlines known risks, who should avoid the therapy, and what to expect during early adjustment phases.\n\n* [[Risks and contraindications]]\n* [[Side effects and symptom cycles]] \n* [[Pregnancy, medications, and comorbidities]] \n\n== User Experiences and Case Reports ==\n\nThousands of individuals have experimented with helminthic therapy across a range of conditions. Their stories provide insight into real-world variability, timelines, symptom patterns, and unexpected benefits or challenges.\n\n* [[Helminthic therapy personal stories]]\n* [[User-reported outcomes by condition]] \n* [[Lessons from long-term users]] \n\n== Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Landscape ==\n\nThe use of live organisms in self-treatment raises legal and ethical questions around regulation, informed consent, and accessibility. This section explores how helminthic therapy is treated across jurisdictions and offers context for navigating gray areas.\n\n* [[Legal and ethical considerations]]\n* [[Access and shipping issues]] \n* [[Informed consent in self-directed therapy]] \n\n== Suggested Path for Deeper Study ==\n\nFor those new to helminthic therapy but ready to go beyond the introduction, we recommend the following reading path:\n\n# [[How helminthic therapy works]]\n\n# [[Helminths used in helminthic therapy]]\n\n# [[Helminth dosing and protocols]]\n\n# [[Risks and contraindications]]\n\n# [[Scientific_studies]]\n\n# [[Helminthic therapy personal stories]]\n\nYou can also return to the [[Introduction to Helminthic Therapy]] if you need a refresher on the fundamentals.\n\n\n--------\n\n\n= Glossary of Terms in Helminthic Therapy =\n\n''Tip: Use your browser\u2019s search function (Ctrl+F or Command+F) to find specific terms on this page. You can also click section titles in the table of contents below to jump between categories.''\n\nThis glossary explains the most important terms used in helminthic therapy, including basic definitions and usage. Wherever possible, each term includes a short, clear description\u2014so users don\u2019t have to click away unless they want to learn more.\n\n== Abbreviations ==\n\n* **AD** \u2013 Ancylostoma duodenale, a type of hookworm not used in helminthic therapy.\n* **ASD** \u2013 Autism spectrum disorder.\n* **CD** \u2013 Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel condition.\n* **CRP** \u2013 C-reactive protein, a blood marker used to assess inflammation.\n* **EE / EoE** \u2013 Eosinophilic esophagitis, a chronic allergic inflammation of the esophagus.\n* **EV** \u2013 Enterobius vermicularis, also known as pinworm.\n* **FMT** \u2013 Fecal microbiota transplant, a procedure to restore healthy gut bacteria.\n* **GI** \u2013 Gastrointestinal (digestive tract).\n* **HINT** \u2013 Helminth-Induced Immunomodulation Therapy, a research term for therapeutic helminth use.\n* **HD** \u2013 Hymenolepis diminuta, a rat tapeworm used in therapy.\n* **HDC / HDCs** \u2013 Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids, the larval stage used in therapy.\n* **HK / HW / hw / hws** \u2013 Hookworm, typically referring to Necator americanus.\n* **HT** \u2013 Helminthic therapy.\n* **IBD** \u2013 Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's and ulcerative colitis.\n* **IBS** \u2013 Irritable bowel syndrome, a common digestive disorder.\n* **LDN** \u2013 Low-dose naltrexone, sometimes used off-label for immune regulation.\n* **MCAD / MCAS** \u2013 Mast cell activation disorder or syndrome, involving immune overreaction.\n* **MCS** \u2013 Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, involving extreme sensitivity to environmental chemicals.\n* **MD** \u2013 Doctor of Medicine.\n* **MS** \u2013 Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease affecting the nervous system.\n* **NA** \u2013 Necator americanus, the human hookworm used in helminthic therapy.\n* **TS / TSO** \u2013 Trichuris suis / Trichuris suis ova, the pig whipworm and its eggs.\n* **TT / TTO** \u2013 Trichuris trichiura / its ova, the human whipworm.\n* **UC** \u2013 Ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory condition of the colon.\n* **WW** \u2013 Whipworm.\n* **DIY** \u2013 Do-it-yourself, often referring to self-administered helminthic therapy.\n\n== Conditions and Clinical Terms ==\n\n* **Crohn's disease** \u2013 A chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract.\n* **Ulcerative colitis** \u2013 A form of inflammatory bowel disease that specifically affects the colon.\n* **Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)** \u2013 A functional gastrointestinal disorder with symptoms like cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits.\n* **Multiple sclerosis (MS)** \u2013 A chronic autoimmune condition affecting the brain and spinal cord.\n* **Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)** \u2013 An allergic condition involving inflammation of the esophagus.\n* **Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS)** \u2013 A disorder where mast cells release mediators excessively, leading to allergic-type symptoms.\n* **Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS)** \u2013 A chronic condition involving reactions to low levels of common environmental chemicals.\n\n== Species and Life Stages ==\n\n* **Necator americanus (NA)** \u2013 A species of human hookworm commonly used in helminthic therapy.\n* **Trichuris suis (TS)** \u2013 The pig whipworm used therapeutically in its egg form (TSO).\n* **Trichuris trichiura (TT)** \u2013 The human whipworm, occasionally used in therapy.\n* **Hymenolepis diminuta (HD)** \u2013 A rat tapeworm used in therapy as a non-replicating larval stage (HDC).\n* **Hymenolepis nana (HN)** \u2013 A dwarf tapeworm not typically used due to its ability to reproduce in the host.\n* **Enterobius vermicularis (EV)** \u2013 Also known as pinworm, a common intestinal worm not used therapeutically.\n* **Larva / Larvae** \u2013 The early life stage of a helminth, typically the form used for inoculation.\n* **Cysticercoid** \u2013 A larval form of tapeworm used in therapy, particularly with HD.\n\n== Therapeutic Concepts ==\n\n* **Helminthic therapy** \u2013 The use of carefully selected, non-pathogenic helminths to regulate immune system function.\n* **Biome depletion** \u2013 The loss of natural intestinal organisms, including helminths, due to modern hygiene and antibiotics.\n* **Biome reconstitution** \u2013 The process of restoring lost members of the human biome through therapeutic intervention.\n* **Helminth replacement therapy** \u2013 Another term for helminthic therapy emphasizing the reintroduction of organisms lost in modern environments.\n* **Mutualism** \u2013 A biological interaction where both species benefit; therapeutic helminths and humans form a mutualistic relationship.\n* **Symbiosis** \u2013 A long-term interaction between two organisms; helminths form a symbiotic relationship with the host.\n* **Obligatory symbiont** \u2013 An organism that requires a host to survive.\n* **Ectosymbiont** \u2013 A symbiont that lives on the surface of its host (in the gut, in the case of helminths).\n* **Worm burden** \u2013 The number of helminths present in the host at any time.\n* **Inoculation** \u2013 The introduction of helminths into the body for therapeutic purposes.\n* **Reworming** \u2013 Reintroducing helminths after they have died off or been intentionally cleared.\n\n== Diagnostic and Medical Tools ==\n\n* **O\\&P test** \u2013 A laboratory test for detecting ova (eggs) and parasites in stool samples.\n* **McMaster egg count** \u2013 A technique for estimating the number of helminth eggs in feces.\n* **Colonoscopy** \u2013 A procedure to examine the inside of the colon using a camera.\n* **Endoscopy** \u2013 A general term for procedures using a flexible tube to view the digestive tract.\n* **C-reactive protein (CRP)** \u2013 A blood test marker for inflammation.\n* **Impact factor** \u2013 A measure of how often articles from a scientific journal are cited.\n\n== Microbiome and Ecology Terms ==\n\n* **Microbiome** \u2013 The collection of microorganisms living in and on the human body.\n* **Microbiota** \u2013 A specific group of microorganisms in a particular body region (e.g., gut microbiota).\n* **Macrobiome** \u2013 The total collection of larger organisms (like helminths) associated with the body.\n* **Macrobiota** \u2013 The subset of macroorganisms in a particular site.\n* **Holobiome** \u2013 All microbes and macrobes (including helminths) coexisting with a host.\n* **Commensalism** \u2013 A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.\n* **Parasite / Parasitic** \u2013 An organism that benefits at the expense of its host; therapeutic helminths are selected to avoid this behavior.\n\n== Colloquial and Community Terms ==\n\n* **Worm flu** \u2013 A common term for the short-term symptoms some people experience after helminth inoculation.\n* **Side effect** \u2013 An unintended physical response to a treatment.\n* **Effectiveness / Efficacy** \u2013 A measure of how well a therapy achieves its intended goal.\n* **Self-treatment / Self-treater** \u2013 An individual who undertakes helminthic therapy without direct medical supervision.\n* **Vermifuge** \u2013 A substance that expels worms from the body.\n* **Vermicide** \u2013 A substance that kills worms.\n* **Probiotic** \u2013 A microorganism that supports health when introduced into the body.\n* **Hookworm / Whipworm / Tapeworm** \u2013 Common names for different types of helminths used or considered for therapy.\n* **Strobila** \u2013 The segmented body of a tapeworm.\n* **Proglottid** \u2013 Each segment of a tapeworm\u2019s strobila.\n* **Suppuration** \u2013 The production of pus as part of the body\u2019s inflammatory response.\n* **Exudate** \u2013 Fluid that leaks from blood vessels during inflammation.\n* **Serous drainage** \u2013 A clear, watery fluid released during early wound healing.\n\n''For additional context, see related pages: \\[\\[Helminths used in helminthic therapy]], \\[\\[How helminthic therapy works]], \\[\\[Risks and contraindications]], and \\[\\[Helminthic therapy personal stories]].''\n\n\n--------\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<br><br><br><br>\n\n--------\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#FFF5FA;border: 1px solid #F2CEDD; border-radius:16px; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-\nbottom:12px;\">'''<font color=#B40431><font size=4>PLEASE DO NOT DELETE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING. THANKS.</font></font>'''<br>\n</div><br>\n\n= Miscellaneous documents hosted by this wiki ...... PLEASE DO NOT DELETE ...... =\n\nA number of texts that are hosted by this wiki but not readily availalbe elsewhere are listed on the [[Helminthic therapy documentary resources | '''Helminthic therapy documentary resources''']] page. \n\nThe following further resources were created for limited audiences.\n\n* [[media:Notes_for_support_group_moderators_and_admins.pdf | Notes for support group moderators and admins]]\n\n* [[media:Notes_for_prospective_helminth_providers.pdf | Notes for prospective helminth providers]] (For the information of prospective providers only. Not for general distribution.)\n\n== Health professionals in the Helminthic Therapy Support group ...... PLEASE DO NOT DELETE ...... ==\n\nThere are a lot of medical professionals in the group, many of whom don't reveal their occupation. Those listed below are just a few of the ones who have mentioned their profession. Please add any others as you discover them, along with whatever details are appropriate and available.\n\n=== Medical doctors ===\n\n* '''Andrea McBeth ND''' - US\n\n* '''Piper Dobner ND''' - US\n\n* '''Liz Mcauliff ND''' (Student in 2022) - joined the HT support group in Nov 2022, after hearing a lecture by Piper Dobner.\n\n* '''Mark Davis ND''' - US (Mark likes to start patients with a dose of 25 NA. Having only treated a few dozen individuals, he hasn't yet encountered anyone who is hypersensitive to worms or helminth permissive.)\n\n* '''Sean Murphy MD'''- Tucson, Arizona, US. Specialist in emergency medicine, and long-term user of NA. He tried to set up a clinical trial and a company selling NA in the US, both unsuccessfully. \n\n* '''Richard Doehring MD''' - retired pathologist, New Zealand\n\n* '''Jorge Llamas MD''' - runs the Llamas Clinic in Tijuana, Mexico. (Jorge is unfortunately still of the belief that large doses of hookworms are required, and typically starts patients with a dose of 25 NA. He can be very reluctant to start with less, and sent one online patient 10 larvae after having agreed to send her only 3!)\n\n* '''Cory Tichauer''' - heard about HT from Piper Dobner. \"I am a physician who has been working with HDC for several years successfully in the treatment of immune inflammatory conditions and am interested in expanding my knowledge to NA and TSO as well.\" \n\n* '''Nidia Diaz''' - \"I\u2019m a physician learning about this fascinating worm!\"\n\n* '''Ronald Goedeke''' - \"Am a MD and heard about it at a medical conference.\"\n\n* '''Victoria Laurin''' - \"I'm a physician and still lots of my friends are skeptical despite my 'miraculous' recovery\". I feel like I've gotten my life back. Trying to convince others is so hard.\n\n* '''Sam Tarshis''' - emergency medicine resident physician at NYC Health + Hospitals/Lincoln.\n\n* '''Jake Duncan''' - functional medicine practitioner.\n\n* '''Jillian Casey ND'''\n\n* '''Oleg Shulik MD''' - gastoenterology specialist\n\n* '''Anthony Vandersteen''' - physician\n\n=== Nurses ===\n\n* '''Jane Puckey RN/RM''' - registered nurse now specialisig in helminthic therapy, New Zealznd. [https://www.biomeora.com]\n\n=== Pharmacists ===\n\n* '''Brecht Moerenhout'''\n\n=== Chiropractors ===\n\n* '''Carrie Clark''' - chiropractor and functional medicine practitioner, Minneapolis, US. [https://traditionallyhealthy.com]\n\n=== Counsellors ===\n\n* '''Benjamin Blay MA''' (counselling). One of the first adopters of NA (in 2007) and TTO, and a helminthic therapist for many years. [http://cognitiveresonance.co]\n\n=== Dentists ===\n\n* '''Wassim Kelada''' - Masters from the Dept. of Orthodontics at Dundee University. Then studied at The Royal College of Surgeons in the UK.\n\n=== Veterinarians ===\n\n* '''Christopher John Cooper''' - Senior veterinary surgeon\n\n=== Health coaches ===\n\n* '''Casi Cole''' - Experienced with the use of NA and TSO in both children and adults. [https://casicole.com]\n\n==Text box options (Grab the markup to reproduce) ...... PLEASE DO NOT DELETE ...... ==\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#CEDFF2; border:1px solid #A3B0BF; padding:6px; border-radius:5px; margin-bottom:12px;\">\n'''Blue background / blue border / round corners'''</div>\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#CEDFF2; border:1px solid #F2CEDD; padding:6px; border-radius:5px; margin-bottom:12px;\">\nBlue background / orange border / round corners</div>\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#CEDFF2; border:1px solid #A3B0BF; padding:6px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:12px;\">\nBlue background / blue border / squared corners</div>\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#CEDFF2; border:1px solid #F2CEDD; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:12px;\">\nBlue background / orange border / squared corners</div>\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#FFF5FA; border:1px solid #F2CEDD; padding:6px; border-radius:5px; margin-bottom:12px;\">\n'''Pink background / orange border / round corners'''</div>\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#FFF5FA; border:1px solid #A3B0BF; padding:6px; border-radius:5px; margin-bottom:12px;\">\nPink background / blue border / round corners</div>\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#FFF5FA; border:1px solid #F2CEDD; padding:8px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:12px;\">\nPink background / orange border / squared corners</div>\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#FFF5FA; border:1px solid #A3B0BF; padding:6px; padding-left:8px; margin-bottom:12px;\">\nPink background / blue border / squared corners</div>\n\n<div style=\"background-color:#F2DFCE; border:1px solid #F2DFCE; border-radius:16px; padding: 15px 16px 15px 18px;min-width:300px;\">\nBuff background / orange border / large round corners - Used on Home page</div>\n\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #F2DFCE; padding:8px 14px 12px 24px; border-radius:18px; margin:15px 0px 15px 0px;\">\nUncoloured background / orange border / large round corners - Used on Providers page</div>\n\n== Banner notice example (Grab the markup to reproduce) ...... PLEASE DO NOT DELETE ...... == \n\n<div style=\"background-color:#F2DFCE; border:1px solid #F2DFCE; border-radius:16px; padding: 15px 16px 15px 18px;min-width:300px;\">\n'''<font color=#B40431><font size=5>Helminthic therapy events 2023</font></font>'''<br>\nIn September, 2023, helminth self-treaters will be meeting up at venues around the world to discuss this cutting-edge approach and its incredible benefits.<br>\nCome along to one of our planned events, or host one yourself. For details, or to get in touch, click [http://htevents.org '''HERE'''].\n</div>\n\n== Cleaning larvae that are to be shared with others ...... PLEASE DO NOT DELETE ...... ==\n\nGiven that hookworms shed a layer of skin before entering a host, it is very unlikely that hookworms would transmit infectious organisms to a host, and a literature search yielded no record of pathogen transmission between hookworm and host. [https://helminthictherapywiki.org/wiki/images/e/e4/Hookworm.pdf] However, the possibility of pathogen transmission between hookworm hosts as a result of inoculation by one individual with larvae grown from the faeces of another has not been ruled out unequivocally. This is why the commercial providers of NA periodically test their reservoir donors for a range of communicable diseases such as HIV and hepatitis, always use an antimicrobial wash to clean the larvae they supply, and then ship them in a weak antibiotic solution. These precautionary measures are as far as the hookworm providers can go to obviate the risk of pathogen transmission, given that helminths are living organisms, and would be killed by any attempt to completely sterilise them.\n\nHookworm larvae do not need to be cleaned if they have been grown at home for use by the same individual who provided the stool sample for their incubation. However, if that individual wishes to share the larvae they have grown, these can be cleaned using one of the following methods. \n\n'''Bleach treatment'''\n\nCollect the brown water from the bottom of the container used for incubation and leave this in a champagne glass for 24 hours. Then add one or two drops of bleach to one litre of water and use some of the resulting bleach solution to almost fill a second champagne glass. The next day, use a pipette to carefully draw up the worms that have settled to the bottom of the champagne glass containing the brown water. Avoid squeezing the pipette once it is in the water because this would create bubbles that would disturb any sediment and distribute the larvae. Instead, slightly squeeze the bulb of the pipette before it enters the water, and hold this position carefully until the pipette reaches the bottom of the glass, where it can be gently released to collect the larvae. Then add the larvae collected to the bleach solution in the second champagne glass. Leave the larvae in the bleach solution for a further 24 hours. The following day, use a pipette to draw up the larvae from the bottom of the bleach solution and transfer them to a microscope slide for counting in preparation for inoculation, or add them to an eppendorf tube containing fresh water (distilled, filtered or bottled water, or dechlorinated tap water) for supply to someone else. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/678894952216125/permalink/3644376115667979/?comment_id=3653994954706095&reply_comment_id=3660985507340373]\n\n'''Iodine treatment'''\n\nAdd one drop of commercially available 5% Lugol\u2019s iodine to 5 ml of water (distilled, filtered or bottled water, or dechlorinated tap water) to create a 0.02% iodine solution. Then add 1 ml of this solution to 1 ml of water containing the larvae to be cleaned. After the larvae have spent 20 minutes in this solution, the iodine should be neutralised by adding a pinch of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) powder to the solution. Neutralisation of the iodine is confirmed when sufficient ascorbic acid has been sprinkled into the water to make this completely clear.\n\nLarvae that have been cleaned by any method will have a shorter shelf life than those that have not been cleaned."
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