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|Amber - May cause harm to human helminths in some people.
|Amber - May cause harm to human helminths in some people.
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|Purple - May cause a temporary reduction in the benefits provided by human helminths.
|Purple - May cause a temporary reduction in the benefits provided by human helminths.
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=== Anaesthetics (anesthetics), local [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaesthetics] ===
=== Anaesthetics (anesthetics), local [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaesthetics] ===


==== [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anaesthetic Local anaesthetics] ====
==== [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anaesthetic Local anaesthetics] ====
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Local anaesthetics interfere with the production of white blood cells as well as the functioning of the cells in
Local anaesthetics interfere with the production of white blood cells as well as the functioning of the cells in
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⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycycline Doxycycline] (Vibramycin, Monodox, Microdox, Periostat, Vibra-Tabs, Oracea, Doryx, Vibrox, Adoxa, Doxyhexal, Doxylin, Doxoral, Doxy-1 and Atridox, etc.) <br>is a tetracycline antibiotic that also has antiprotozoal, antibacterial and some anthelminthic effects, although the latter have been claimed to only affect filarial nematodes. In this case, the drug kills a symbiotic bacterium in the worm’s reproductive tract, thus rendering it sterile. Moreover, an eight-week course of doxycycline may be necessary to achieve this effect. One hookworm host has reported that he took doxycycline for a total of 5 weeks without noticeable effect on his worms [https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/10055], but another has said that her hookworms “completely stopped working” after taking doxycycline for only three days. [https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/8488] She said that this happened “pretty much overnight”, and that, in spite of getting a supplementary dose of worms a month or so after taking the antibiotic, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/786180988104525/?comment_id=786946941361263&offset=0&total_comments=16] she didn’t feel right again for the following 6 months. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/786180988104525/?comment_id=786624918060132&offset=0&total_comments=15] (NB: doxycycline has also been found to have [http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-03-antibiotics-unexpected-effects-mitochondria.html unexpected effects on mitochondria].)  
⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycycline Doxycycline] (Vibramycin, Monodox, Microdox, Periostat, Vibra-Tabs, Oracea, Doryx, Vibrox, Adoxa, Doxyhexal, Doxylin, Doxoral, Doxy-1 and Atridox, etc.) <br>is a tetracycline antibiotic that also has antiprotozoal, antibacterial and some anthelminthic effects, although the latter have been claimed to only affect filarial nematodes. In this case, the drug kills a symbiotic bacterium in the worm’s reproductive tract, thus rendering it sterile. Moreover, an eight-week course of doxycycline may be necessary to achieve this effect. One hookworm host has reported that he took doxycycline for a total of 5 weeks without noticeable effect on his worms [https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/10055], but another has said that her hookworms “completely stopped working” after taking doxycycline for only three days. [https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/8488] She said that this happened “pretty much overnight”, and that, in spite of getting a supplementary dose of worms a month or so after taking the antibiotic, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/786180988104525/?comment_id=786946941361263&offset=0&total_comments=16] she didn’t feel right again for the following 6 months. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/786180988104525/?comment_id=786624918060132&offset=0&total_comments=15] (NB: doxycycline has also been found to have [http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-03-antibiotics-unexpected-effects-mitochondria.html unexpected effects on mitochondria].)  


Short courses of most other antibiotics will usually only cause a temporary loss of benefit for between 2 and 8 weeks (e.g., [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin erythromycin] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/770548519667772/]), although it is possible for efficacy to be reduced for longer, e.g., [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1131267180262569/?comment_id=1134969589892328&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D 4 months], and even [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/700908506631774/?comment_id=951430548246234&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D 6 months], and there is anecdotal evidence suggesting a correlation between the length of a course of antibiotics and the length of time that affected helminths are out of action.
Short courses of most other antibiotics will usually only cause a temporary loss of benefit for between 2 and 8 weeks (e.g., [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin erythromycin] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/770548519667772/]), although it is possible for efficacy to be reduced for longer, e.g., [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1131267180262569/?comment_id=1134969589892328&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D 4 months], and even [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/700908506631774/?comment_id=951430548246234&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D 6 months], and there is anecdotal evidence suggesting a correlation between the length of a course of antibiotics and the length of time that affected helminths are out of action.


It is possible that even a small dose of antibiotic could cause a return of symptoms in some people. For example,
It is possible that even a small dose of antibiotic could cause a return of symptoms in some people. For example,
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==== Best to avoid ====  
==== Best to avoid ====  


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❓ '''Cellular silver'''. The manufacturers of Advanced Cellular Silver (ACS) 200 Extra Strength[http://www.resultsrna.com/products/acs_200_overview/] claim that this product
❓ '''Cellular silver'''. The manufacturers of Advanced Cellular Silver (ACS) 200 Extra Strength[http://www.resultsrna.com/products/acs_200_overview/] claim that this product
achieves a 99.9989% kill against C. albicans. Although there have been no reports to date of its possible effect on
achieves a 99.9989% kill against C. albicans. Although there have been no reports to date of its possible effect on
human helminths, its similarity to '''colloidal silver''' suggest that it may not kill the worms but only cause a
human helminths, its similarity to '''colloidal silver''' suggest that it may not kill the worms but only cause a
temporary reduction of benefits.
temporary reduction of benefits.


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Most other recreational drugs should be safe for use by helminth hosts, including '''tobacco''', '''nicotine''' and most forms of '''alcohol'''.
Most other recreational drugs should be safe for use by helminth hosts, including '''tobacco''', '''nicotine''' and most forms of '''alcohol'''.
   
   
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage Alcohol] -- Normal social drinking should not have any adverse effect on helminths, but there have been hints[https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/848418981880725/] that overindulging in alcohol may cause a temporary reduction in worm benefits, although this clearly isn’t the case for everyone and the effect is likely to be dose-dependent. Excessive consumption of alcohol that results in the user going into a coma due to alcohol poisoning may incur a greater risk to helminths.  
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage Alcohol] -- Normal social drinking should not have any adverse effect on helminths, but there have been hints[https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/848418981880725/] that overindulging in alcohol may cause a temporary reduction in worm benefits, although this clearly isn’t the case for everyone and the effect is likely to be dose-dependent. Excessive consumption of alcohol that results in the user going into a coma due to alcohol poisoning may incur a greater risk to helminths.  
** ❓ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absinthe Absinthe] is one alcoholic drink that might present more of a risk, as it was traditionally made using herbs reported to have antiparasitic properties, including ❌'''wormwood'''. (See separate entry). However, the risk from absinthe has been questioned because it only contains the essential oil of wormwood, while the anthelminthic activity of this herb has been linked more to the bitter principles and the alkaloids, which are not included in absinthe.  
** ❓ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absinthe Absinthe] is one alcoholic drink that might present more of a risk, as it was traditionally made using herbs reported to have antiparasitic properties, including ❌'''wormwood'''. (See separate entry). However, the risk from absinthe has been questioned because it only contains the essential oil of wormwood, while the anthelminthic activity of this herb has been linked more to the bitter principles and the alkaloids, which are not included in absinthe.  


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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine] is a stimulant nasal decongestant[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decongestant] that is sometimes added to antihistamine preparations and other products, including some formulations sold under the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafed Sudafed] brand. Pseudoephedrine has not been reported to have any adverse effect on helminths.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine] is a stimulant nasal decongestant[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decongestant] that is sometimes added to antihistamine preparations and other products, including some formulations sold under the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudafed Sudafed] brand. Pseudoephedrine has not been reported to have any adverse effect on helminths.


* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine-131 Radioactive iodine] (also known as radioiodine), which is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, can adversely affect hookworms, at least temporarily. One worm host found that '''isotope I-128''' (used in diagnostics) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/830004963722127/ put her colony out of action for a week or two], and has suggested that '''isotope I-131''' (used to kill thyroid tissue) may have a similar effect.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine-131 Radioactive iodine] (also known as radioiodine), which is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, can adversely affect hookworms, at least temporarily. One worm host found that '''isotope I-128''' (used in diagnostics) [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/830004963722127/ put her colony out of action for a week or two], and has suggested that '''isotope I-131''' (used to kill thyroid tissue) may have a similar effect.


* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viagra Sildenafil] (Viagra). This does not kill hookworms[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/topics/2144].
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viagra Sildenafil] (Viagra). This does not kill hookworms[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/topics/2144].
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=== Alternative antibiotics ===
=== Alternative antibiotics ===
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<blockquote>
* ❓ '''Cellular silver'''. The manufacturers of [http://www.resultsrna.com/products/acs_200_overview/ Advanced Cellular Silver (ACS) 200 Extra Strength] claim that it is “...effective against an enormous array of disease causing organisms; literally oxidizing the cell wall of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, spirochetes, virus, fungus, parasites and more without harming healthy flora or damaging human tissue”. Research[http://www.townsendletter.com/Jan2015/silver0115.html] shows that this form of silver may be more effective than '''colloidal silver''' (see local reference), but, so far, there have been no reports from helminth hosts to suggest what effect, if any, it might have on human helminths.
* ❓ '''Cellular silver'''. The manufacturers of [http://www.resultsrna.com/products/acs_200_overview/ Advanced Cellular Silver (ACS) 200 Extra Strength] claim that it is “...effective against an enormous array of disease causing organisms; literally oxidizing the cell wall of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, spirochetes, virus, fungus, parasites and more without harming healthy flora or damaging human tissue”. Research[http://www.townsendletter.com/Jan2015/silver0115.html] shows that this form of silver may be more effective than '''colloidal silver''' (see local reference), but, so far, there have been no reports from helminth hosts to suggest what effect, if any, it might have on human helminths.


* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloidal_silver Colloidal silver]. Some sources have claimed that, if taken orally, this may kill parasite eggs and possibly harm adult worms, but many helminth hosts have taken colloidal silver and there have been no reports of worms being lost as a result. Colloidal silver appears to be the most worm-friendly of the more effective natural antimicrobials. Although it can reduce helminthic benefits in a dose-dependent manner while it is being taken, the benefits soon return after its use is discontinued - usually in a matter of days. (Use of this [http://www.silversafety.org/autocalculator.php Silver Safety Auto-calculator] will ensure that total silver intake remains at a safe level.)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloidal_silver Colloidal silver]. Some sources have claimed that, if taken orally, this may kill parasite eggs and possibly harm adult worms, but many helminth hosts have taken colloidal silver and there have been no reports of worms being lost as a result. Colloidal silver appears to be the most worm-friendly of the more effective natural antimicrobials. Although it can reduce helminthic benefits in a dose-dependent manner while it is being taken, the benefits soon return after its use is discontinued - usually in a matter of days. (Use of this [http://www.silversafety.org/autocalculator.php Silver Safety Auto-calculator] will ensure that total silver intake remains at a safe level.)


* ⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit_seed_extract Grapefruit seed extract] (GSE). Also known as citrus seed extract and grapefruit seed oil, and often labelled as citrus seed oil. It is used in herbalism and natural therapies as an antibiotic and preservative, and is claimed to be a powerful broad spectrum bactericide, fungicide and antiviral that is effective against a large number of single-celled and multi-celled parasites. However, research has shown that [http://cms.herbalgram.org/press/2012/Many_GFSE_Adulterated_Says_Nonprofit_Research_Consortium.html many “natural” GSE products are adulterated] with undeclared synthetic chemicals, commercially available preservatives and disinfectants, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triclosan triclosan] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzethonium_chloride benzethonium chloride]. Some versions of GSE [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17468864 may not contain any authentic grapefruit seed extracts] whatsoever, such that its sale may well be one of the most insidious herbal product scams ever. Even if genuinely pure, natural GSE could be found - which, given the evidence, seems doubtful - there may be little point in taking it as an antimicrobial because pure GSE has been shown to have no intrinsic antimicrobial action. And, as the makeup of proprietary GSE products varies so widely, these can not be recommended for worm hosts due to the possibility that one or more of the undeclared ingredients may harm human helminths. (NB. The flesh of grapefruit will not harm helminths.)
* ⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit_seed_extract Grapefruit seed extract] (GSE). Also known as citrus seed extract and grapefruit seed oil, and often labelled as citrus seed oil. It is used in herbalism and natural therapies as an antibiotic and preservative, and is claimed to be a powerful broad spectrum bactericide, fungicide and antiviral that is effective against a large number of single-celled and multi-celled parasites. However, research has shown that [http://cms.herbalgram.org/press/2012/Many_GFSE_Adulterated_Says_Nonprofit_Research_Consortium.html many “natural” GSE products are adulterated] with undeclared synthetic chemicals, commercially available preservatives and disinfectants, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triclosan triclosan] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzethonium_chloride benzethonium chloride]. Some versions of GSE [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17468864 may not contain any authentic grapefruit seed extracts] whatsoever, such that its sale may well be one of the most insidious herbal product scams ever. Even if genuinely pure, natural GSE could be found - which, given the evidence, seems doubtful - there may be little point in taking it as an antimicrobial because pure GSE has been shown to have no intrinsic antimicrobial action. And, as the makeup of proprietary GSE products varies so widely, these can not be recommended for worm hosts due to the possibility that one or more of the undeclared ingredients may harm human helminths. (NB. The flesh of grapefruit will not harm helminths.)
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