Helminthic therapy personal stories

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This page contains hundreds of anecdotal reports of both success and failure with helminthic therapy using one or more of the following therapeutic helminths.

• the human hookworm, Necator americanus (NA)
• the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura (TT)
• the ova of the pig whipworm, Trichuris suis (TSO)
• the cysticercoids of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta (HDC).

There are also links below to pages dedicated to specific conditions, where there are hundreds more reports contributing to well over 1,000 personal stories in total on this site.

Most of the reports have been collected from social media, in particular from the Helminthic Therapy Support group.

The Helminthic therapy personal stories is my fave bit of the wiki! Reading THOUSANDS of testimonials. This in itself will raise your vibe 🌟🙌🥳. [1]

There are many thousands of people already self-treating with helminths, and approximately 75% of these are estimated to experience an improvement in their health. [2] This overall response rate is particularly impressive given that most people who use this therapy have already tried every other treatment that is available for their condition.

The fact that many of these individuals have taken the time to report their experience is also amazing, for two reasons. Firstly, because many people are keen to hide the fact that they are hosting “worms” and some are not even prepared to divulge this fact to close family members so never report their experience. Secondly, the majority of those who get well as a result of using helminthic therapy can’t wait to resume the life that their illness had put on hold, so they very quickly lose interest in relating their stories online.

I am doing fantastic so my level of activity on forums has waned. [3]

While there are a few failures listed among the reports below (identified by a frown emoji: ☹️), the individuals who reported these did not always follow best practice and, in some cases, had terminated the treatment before any improvements could have been expected. Since it is known that, for a few people, remission may not be achieved for up to 2 years following the first inoculation with helminths, the treatment cannot be assumed to have failed until that point.

Where people have described their success with several conditions in a single report, this has been duplicated so that it appears in each of the appropriate sections on this page.

See the Terminology page for a list of abbreviations.

The best way to approach this page is to search the entire page for each of the conditions you are interested in, using the search function on your own device.

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Disclaimer

The testimonials presented below are from individuals stating what results THEY have experienced personally. They and the editors of this page are not making any medical claims and are not saying that helminthic therapy will cure or even help the problems that you have. What worked for others may not work for you. Please see our general Disclaimer.

Detailed stories

• Introducing NA and TSO in hope of treating Reiter's syndrome
• Bleak prognosis for MCTD patient is reversed by hookworms
• Hookworms remediate ankylosing spondylitis in an adult and will hopefully protect their children
• An entire family benefitting from self-treatment with hookworms
• Hookworms successful against colitis and celiac disease after medicine fails
• Hookworms literally saved my life (Crohn's disease and Sweet syndrome)
• Clear benefits and improved mood help cope with remaining issues
• Migraine, depression and autoimmunity relieved by TSO and NA
• TSO successfully treats ulcerative colitis after drugs cause adverse reactions
• Busy veterinarian has no time for pain (Autoimmune disease presenting as Sjogren’s / lupus)
• Reversing helminth deficiency disease: a case study
• From hopelessness to new meaning and purpose: a celiac's 3 year update
• Lupus patient abandons wheelchair to run nine miles a week after getting hookworms
• Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms
• A life saved at the eleventh hour by worms (Total food intolerance)
• TSO tames colitis in a 70 year old
• My scleroderma helminth journey
• TSO relieves fibromyalgia, IBS and rheumatoid arthritis
• Nasal allergies nuked by worms
• Lifelong asthma, eczema and allergies alleviated by hookworms
• Hookworms give chronic headaches the old heave-ho
• Crohns and colitis patient bounces back to health with hookworms and fecal transplants
• Restless legs syndrome yields completely to hookworms
• Escaping Autoimmune Hell with Helminthic & Microbiome Immune Support (CFS/M.E., chronic migraines, deep muscle pain and brain fog)
• Rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis relieved by TSO
• Hookworms transform a food intolerant and food allergic patient into a foodie
• Rhinitis can ruin your sex life, but a few worms might restore it
• Hookworms prove life-changing for a patient with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
• Wriggling out of total food intolerance, M.E. and Crohn’s disease
• Why doctor working in New Zealand infected himself with hookworms (Knee arthritis, exertional asthma, overweight, high cholesterol)
• Hookworms help a one-year-old overcome severe eczema and food allergies
• Hookworms treat anaphylaxis and salicylate intolerance in a 5-year-old
• Travels with 10 hookworms. Treating total food intolerance, food allergy and MS
• Hookworms relieve chronic autoimmune pain
• Thirteen years and counting: maintaining remission with TSO for Crohn's and IBD-related (non erosive) arthritis
• Hooked on hookworms (and other parasites) (Ankylosing spondylitis)
• Hook me up! Treating autoimmune disease with hookworms (Guttate psoriasis)
• Treating SIBO and metal allergy with helminthic therapy
• Treating SIBO and sinusitis with NA and TTO
• Treating lupus and Sjogren's disease with hookworms
• The Amazing Dr Wriggly (Food intolerance, Crohn's disease, allergies, migraine, sinusitis, Restless Legs Syndrome, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and M.E./CFS)
• Dad turns to a whipworm to help autistic son

Illustrated stories

• The effects of NA on chronic idiopathic urticaria and eczema

• The effects of NA on psoriasis

• The effects of TTO on ulcerative colitis

• The effects of NA and TTO on ulcerative colitis

• The effects of NA and TTO on Crohn's colitis

Blogs

See this separate page.

• Helminthic therapy blogs

Family successes

The first three reports are more detailed than the quotes that follow them.

• An entire family benefitting from self-treatment with hookworms

• Hookworms remediate ankylosing spondylitis in an adult and will hopefully protect their children

• Four family members with gut issues are all delighted with their worms

• “I can't believe it's been almost a year since we got inoculated with hookworm. My only regret is that personally I didn't start hosting hookworm twenty years ago (or more!) Our entire family is so much better off. It's amazing to see my son run up to school from the end of the block on his own when at the beginning of the school year, he was almost paralyzed by panic attacks from PANDAS, a disease for which there is basically no treatment or cure aside from antibiotic administration until adulthood. My daughter had her best and most challenging school year ever and has made a best friend. My husband, too, only wishes he had gotten hookworm over a decade ago because of how much more productive and happier he is.” (Reported in a private discussion, Jun 2012)

• “I put my whole family on helminths. When my son was 2 he was diagnosed with a rare type of autoimmune Nephrotic Syndrome. He is also IgE allergic to 8 foods and IgG allergic to about 12 more. He suffers from terrible eczema and he is on lots of medication including Cyclosporine for his kidneys. When he was around 9, he was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, and they wanted to put him on Remicade infusion. I couldn’t take it anymore and went looking for alternatives. When I heard about helminths I had no doubt that I wanted this. My other son has food sensitivities and gets cyclical headaches every month with vomiting, and my husband has suffered with Crohn’s since his teens. Me, I’ve always felt healthy enough.

"My children both got 5 hookworms and my husband and I got 20 each. Let me tell you that the Bounce my husband and I felt was AMAZING!

"Long story short, my husband is “cured” of Crohns. His symptoms and inflammation are gone and he feels and looks younger. My autoimmune kid is also cured of his Crohns!!! No Remicade!!! His severe allergies turned to sensitivities. We still struggle with his kidneys but I believe he’s doing better overall due to hookworms. I lost weight that I’d struggled with for years, and it turns out it was just inflammation.” [4]

• “We all used to take Allegra and Claritin. We are completely free of allergy meds now, 3 of us.” [5]

Share your own story

If you are willing to help others by recording a detailed account of your own experience with helminthic therapy - whether good or bad - we offer a list of questions as a guide to some of the details that readers are likely to find helpful. You can find this list on the following page.

• Share your personal story

Expressions of regret for having delayed treatment

Many people have commented that they wish they had tried helminthic therapy sooner than they did. A few of these comments are presented below.

• “I only regret not doing it two years ago when I first heard of helminthic therapy and I thought it was just crazy.” [6]

• "I regret all the years of quality living I lost because I wasn’t hosting hookworms." [7]

• “I was 19 years old when diagnosed with pancolitis. I have tried everything with minimal if any relief from my symptoms. I'm 6 weeks in hosting human hookworm (NA) and I can't tell you how much i wish I had done this sooner.” [8]

• “I wish I hadn't waited so long. I've tried diet, I've seen several functional medicine doctors (and followed their protocols), and I've seen some of the best rheumatologists (and ophthalmologists) in Virginia, at Duke in North Carolina, and at Johns Hopkins in Maryland. None of them could offer me anything, really. I never thought I would purposefully inoculate myself with a helminth, but for the first time, I am actually excited at the prospect of getting better.” [9]

• “I can't believe it's been almost a year since we got inoculated with hookworm. My only regret is that I didn't start hosting hookworm twenty years ago (or more!) Our entire family is so much better off.”

• “I spent ungodly amounts of money over the past several years working with elite functional medicine docs. And I eventually came to the conclusion it wasn’t going to work for me… Now I’m 7 months in with NA and I’ve had no blood or symptoms of Colitis for 3 months… After all the time and money, I wish I just started Helminthic therapy 6 years ago and only changed my diet. The functional medicine tests and supplements didn’t help me one bit.” [10]

• “My son also has pancolitis and we are 7 months into helminth therapy. We have had a very smooth journey on TTO with really no side effects or worsening of symptoms, we are getting blood results back today and heading for a colonoscopy soon so will be able to see how things are going. My only regret is that we didn’t start sooner.” [11]

• “Even tho I'm just in the beginning phase of HT... I really wish that I had started a while ago... or found out about it sooner.” [12]

• “A classmate of mine mentioned this therapy to me (four years ago). Because he wasn’t a really credible source of information otherwise (and I didn’t know my mental symptoms were likely autoimmune), I dismissed the idea. I wish I had looked into it sooner.” [13]

• “I’m so glad I'm on this journey, and wish I hadn't waited so long.” (Link expired.)

• “I delayed a long time, in fact someone I told about HT tried it long before I did and then talked me into trying it myself. I'm very grateful to him for doing that, sharing his experience and enthusiasm was very helpful for me… If we're talking hypothetical time machines I'd go back not just to when I first heard about HT, I'd go back to when I was an infant or toddler and give myself worms.” [14]

• “I really wish I had done this way back when I first heard about it. I waited for the western medicine folks to fix me, and it just didn't happen. In the meantime, I got sicker and sicker. If I could go back and get hookworms five years ago, I would.” [15]

• “I think I joined this group a couple years ago but ignored it, didn't follow, didn't read. I regret that. 2 years was not a huge percentage of my life, but it could have saved my body some trauma. Probably right now I would be feeling the full effects of worm therapy!” [16]

• “My only regret is I didn't start sooner.” [17]

• “I wish I hadn’t waited so long, and would urge anyone considering it to go ahead and try.” [18]

• “I’ve been using NA and TTO (for 2½ years) for Crohns Colitis. My only regret is not trying it sooner. Easily the most effective therapy I’ve tried.” [19]

• "I read about helminth therapy years ago, and I'm really sorry I categorized it as a "last resort" back then. Every time I think of what it's done for our health, I am amazed, and humbled. Such a little thing can have such huge relief in the long term." [20]

• "I wish I had given NA to him 5 years ago. He's doing so great on them. Helminths have literally saved his life." [21]

• "Like many, I do wish I found this therapy earlier and tried it earlier. The results are astounding for me and by far the most impactful thing I’ve done." [22]

• "I had actually been in pain since my 20s but it was only in my 50s that it became unbearable and I was finally diagnosed. I had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis as a child but that cleared up... or so I thought.. I just wish I had known earlier and started in my 20s to avoid all those years of discomfort." [23]

• "I wish I had found helminth therapy 20 years earlier. If I had, my life would have been less focused on my illness and hospital appointments and more on enjoyment, but I’m making up for it now. NA literally saved my life." [24]

• "Overall, this treatment has given me a second chance at life. If I could go back in time and do this sooner, I would have. I wasted too much time and money trying medicine that didn't help - and I missed out on a lot of life experiences because of that. But there's no point in thinking about that - I could have done this earlier, but I'm glad that I didn't start this later." [25]

Expression of regret for terminating treatment

When people who are hosting helminths develop new symptoms, or an old or existing condition flares, their worms are often the first factor to fall under suspicion. In most cases where this leads to termination of a colony of human helminths, this step is later regretted when the actual cause of the symptoms is discovered and the self-treater experiences a return of the disease symptoms that their worms had been controlling. The individual will then also face a prolonged wait for a new colony to mature and reestablish immune balance.

Also see the following page.

• Symptoms experienced after inoculation are not always worm side-effects

In some cases, a misguided doctor may insist that a therapeutic helminth colony is terminated before they prescribe immunosuppressive treatment. Doctors are aware of drug manufacturers’ advice that, before patients are given immunosuppressant drugs - for example dupilumab (Dupixent) - any helminth infection should be terminated. This advice is to prevent immunosuppression by the drug from supporting the proliferation of pathogenic helminths, so does not apply to NA, TTO or TSO because these species cannot proliferate within a host. It is, however, advisable for anyone using HDCs to stop taking this species while on immunosuppressants. [26]

Whichever of the above reasons prompts termination of a colony of therapeutic helminths, the result is invariably regret for this action.

When I first got sick they (hookworms) helped me... but then my rheumatologist wanted them gone while I started azathioprine and steroids... I should have never done it because the day after they disappeared I have horrible widespread pain, a massive tooth infection, started vomiting from the azathioprine (worms were protecting) and now I have pancreatitis from that death med, a horrible goo coming out of my vagina, a chest infection, a yellow tongue and liver enzymes through the roof... I regret listening to my idiot rheumatologist... and since my mast cells are so bad I have not been able to tolerate getting them back. Which I am furious about as I have gotten so much sicker. [27] [28]

When the antiparasitic wiped them out I was plunged into hell.... I wish I had never taken it and just continued on with Helminthic Therapy instead. (Edited from two comments: [29] [30].)

Thumbnail stories

Notes

• Comments marked with a frown emoji ☹️ indicate a failure.
• The number in square brackets following a quote provides a link to the original post from which the thumbnail was taken.
• Not all health problems have their own sub-section. For example, there is no section for hay fever, which appears under “Allergy”, so it's best to use the search function on your device to search the entire page for the condition(s) you are interested in.

Absence seizures

• “My daughter... has inflammation related autism... (TSO) reduced absent seizures.” [31]

Acne

See Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Acne

Actinic keratosis

• “A friend of mine has precancerous skin conditions on his head. They have been very crusty and large and have been there for years. After 120 days with six Na, these lesions on his head have stopped crusting up, have a smooth appearance and are shrinking.” [32] (There are photos at this link.)

Addison’s disease / Primary adrenal insufficiency / Hypocortisolism

• “For myself and a friend with Addison’s, HDC has been very helpful.” (Link expired)

• “Before hw, I had pain in my kidney area after any stress - sometimes quite debilitating levels… My adrenal autoantibodies were somewhat high - just within the range of official (Addison’s) diagnosis. And my cortisol levels were crazy - super high in the middle of the night and low during the day (which I'm told is typical as the adrenals start to fail.) I started an Autoimmmune Protocol diet a few months before starting HT, and I believe that helped. But I still had symptoms - in particular the pain over my kidneys anytime I was startled or stressed - until about 1.5 years into hw treatment. Had my adrenal autoantibodies tested about 20 months after starting HT, and they were at zero. And my cortisol levels are normal now. So I think diet helped… but I give most of the credit to my little hw buddies.” [33] [34]

Adhesions

• "... since hosting my helminths... the pain from my adhesions has been considerably less." (Link expired)

• “Because of adhesions, I used to have a lot of cramping and often loose stools. That has, astonishingly, completely normalised. There are many adhesions (as a result of a Cesarean section). The most severe ones appear to be on my right colon, a little higher than my appendix. In some MRIs it looked like there might be an invagination caused by the adhesions, which comes and goes. That is also the area where it hurts all the time, so it makes sense to me.” [35] [36]

Adrenal fatigue

• “According to my doctor my adrenal fatigue was related to fibromyalgia. After 9 months and 45 HWs later I have stopped taking hydrocort, stopped with all sleeping medications, and am getting ready to stop the cortisol supplement. I am waking up with more energy, going to sleep naturally, and not crashing during the day. I credit the HWs with this improvement after suffering for more than 6 years and trying many different treatments with no improvement. I also suffer from many other issues and my energy levels are still low but this improvement for me is huge.” (Reported to the Helminthic Therapy Support group. Post now deleted.)

Aging / ageing

See Helminthic therapy and aging

Alcohol intolerance

See Helminthic therapy and food intolerance: Alcohol intolerance

Allergy

See Helminthic therapy and allergy

Also see Food allergy, Food intolerance, Asthma and Rhinitis.

Allodynia

• “I’ve even been able to wear my glasses for several hours today, which is a huge improvement, as I normally have dreadful allodynia with them and can only stand to wear them a few minutes at a time.” (Reported 18 weeks after inoculating with 5 NA and then adding 10-12 more at 12 weeks.) [37]

Alopecia

See Helminthic therapy and hair growth: Alopecia.

Alzheimer's

See Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases: Dementia.

Anaphylaxis

See Helminthic therapy and allergy

Angioedema

• "I did not have any angioedema during HT. My coughing seems slightly better in the 9 weeks following treatment, but it is not gone." (Reported by a subject with hereditary angioedema.) (Link expired)

• “I'm hosting about 100 HW ... My (facial) angioedema is mostly gone. I'm off all meds but it took 6-7 months.” [38]

Ankylosing spondylitis

See: Helminthic therapy and ankylosing spondylitis

Anxiety

See Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders: anxiety.

Appetite, loss of

See Helminths, appetite and body weight

Arrhythmia

(Also known as cardiac arrhythmia, heart arrhythmia and dysrhythmia.)

• "... among plenty of other symptoms, I had arrhythmia, pretty worrying at the time, but never got a diagnosis / they didn’t find what caused the issue. This is one of the first symptoms that NA helped clear for me. Later on I realised the arrhythmia was caused by mould toxicity." [39]

Arteritis

(Not to be confused with arthritis.)

See Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Arthritis

See Helminthic therapy and arthritis

Aspirin-induced asthma / Samter's triad / Samter's syndrome

(Also known as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD))

• The following two reports are by the same person, two years apart.
  • "My father… has something called Samter's syndrome which includes nasal polyps, chronic rhinitis, and aspirin sensitivity. For 20-25 years, he had little senses of taste or smell, from polyps on his sinus nerve, and had multiple surgeries to remove them. Starting about 6 months after getting HW (by then, he had about 50, I think), the polyps went away, never to return. He's had his taste and smell all the time, acutely, for now a good 3½ years." (Reported in a private discussion, Mar 2012)
  • “Now he is getting the same efficacy from HDC.” [40]

• "Wow this is amazing! I was diagnosed with Samters Triad / Aspirin Exaccerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD) in Oct 2014. Samters Triad is salicylate intolerance, nasal polyps and asthma… I decided to give HW a go in Jul 2015. My initial dose was 25. After 3 months I noticed I could get away with the odd glass of wine without an anti-histamine. In Oct I took a further 40 HW. Then suddenly about 10 days ago (mid January 2016) my nose cleared, and my energy levels escalated. I started cutting back my asthma medication and have taken nothing at all for 4 days now with no symptoms!” [41]

• “I have AERD (Samter's Triad). Asthma, nasal polyps, and aspirin sensitivity. I've taken incredible amounts of prednisone to control the polyps and have had two surgeries to remove them over the last ten years… Started worms a few years ago. Initially HDC, which worked well and would provide relief for weeks. Made the move to NA and have had similar success there, it just lasts longer. I see improvement with as little as 30 NA, but get better control with 60-70. I currently take: Singular 10mg, Advair (250/50) as needed, and Pulmicort off label usage. With worms, I'm able to not take prednisone or aspirin… The worms make a night and day difference. Without them I would be in a bad place.” [42]

Asthma

See Helminthic therapy and asthma

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, ADD)

See Helminthic therapy and neurodevelopmental disorders

Autism

See Helminthic therapy and autism

Autoimmune hepatitis

See Helminthic therapy and the liver: autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune kidney disease

See Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases: Autoimmune kidney disease

Balanitis

• "I have been balanitis free for 2 months. I have been on NA for 1.5 years. I still put some coconut oil to help, but my glans looks normal and I can have sexual activities without worrying to much." [43]

Barrett's Oesophagus

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: Barrett's Oesophagus

Bipolar disorder

See Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders: bipolar disorder

Bloating

• “I’m finding at week 11 (after a dose of NA) I'm suddenly able to pass gas, rather than holding it trapped in my gut for days on end, and this has resulted in a much happier vagus nerve!” [44]

Body temperature, poor control of

• "This is awesome! I am so excited that I feel warm. I normally have unusually low body temp and am always freezing my ass off. I'm thinking this is progress." (Reported in a private discussion, Sept 2012)

"Brain fog"

• "When my wife was under the grip of allergies and food intolerances ... we called her potato head, something that, when you are playing duplicate bridge, is most unhelpful. Fortunately, all this temporary foggy mind has lifted now as is clear by our bridge results..." (Link expired)

• "... i was suffering brain fog... this has all definitely improved. (Link expired)

• "I've been doing helminths for a couple of years now, and have finally got the dose right. They have cleared up my head fog considerably, and in fact I just had a three week stretch in which I was completely symptom free. Which was amazing, and I'm very grateful." [45]

• “I have ... not had the terrible sleepiness and brain fog I normally get.” [46]

• “... brain fog is greatly improved, and i have more energy.” (Link expired)

• “I self-infected 25 hookworm (and) began to experience symptom relief (after) about 2.75-3.0 months… Brain fog/etc has completely cleared up in a very non-druggy way. It's hard to describe but supplements which 'clear up brain fog' were obviously just getting me 'high'. In contrast, hookworms have cleared up brain fog just by removing the brain fog and making me normal again.” [47]

• “My depression and anxiety and brain fog have disappeared on NA.” [48]

• “HDC has had a positive effect on my energy, brain fog, and sleep… It's hard to quantify one’s energy but for months prior to hdc I had a regular mid-afternoon crash and I don’t have those anymore. Also I’ve been prescribed adderall to cope with work and since starting hdc I’ve reduced my dose by ½ and for 2 days immediately after dosing with hdc even that’s too much… I am thrilled with the benefits I’ve had so far. I was seriously looking into applying for long term disability at work and now I can handle it ok again.” [49]

• “I’d previously required max doses of two antidepressants plus stimulants to improve my lupus brain fog and stay functional. Exactly three months after each NA inoculation, I needed to cut down my stimulants because I'd suddenly be overstimulated and jittery, to the point where I've now stopped them. By the fourth dose, I was able to wean completely off both the antidepressants, when previously I couldn't tolerate a dose reduction for a week. I've been symptom-free except after I had to take helminth-unfriendly antibiotics for Lyme disease. Then my symptoms came back a month later, only to improve again three months after I reinoculated with NA. My psychiatrist has been impressed enough to share my results with other clients. There's a lot of evidence now that depression and other mental illnesses are caused at least in part by inflammation, and I chalk it up to that, but it was a completely unexpected benefit.” [50]

Bronchiectasis

• "I have bronchiectasis - primarily a complication of whooping cough as a child. Started (HT 3 months ago) and my coughing has improved out of this world. Had 2nd dose this week and, whether its psychosomatic or not, the improvement in my lungs is amazing!! [51]

• On biomera, there is a video testimonial of Orana who is self-treating with NA hookworm for diabetes and bronchiectasis and fix her chronic cough with NA.

See also chronic cough

Bronchitis

• “So far I have taken 35 HW and 300 human WW. My chronic bronchitis seems to be gone, and my asthma as well, and I was able to drop my prednisone from 20mg to 12mg for my ulcerative colitis.” (Link expired)

Bruising

• “I bruise very easily, but now (after hosting NA for 6 months and TSO for 3 months) I don't bruise even when I've taken a bump. This has been very noticeable for me.” [52] [53]

• “I was extremely itchy from 2-3 days (following surgery), and went back to have that checked out. The doc said itchiness is healing and was shocked that I had that so early. He was also shocked that I had no pain, no bruising and clearly quick healing.” [54]

Cancer

Also see Helminthic therapy and cancer.

• "Originally my doctor wanted to try these guys (NA) as an experiment to see if they help with reducing my cancer. We also found out these guys help the genetic condition that caused my cancer (FAP) which mimics an autoimmune disease. There are few studies that prove that elevated eosinophils actually help kill colorectal cancer cells. Six months into it, I'm cancer free." [55]

Candida

See Helminthic therapy and candida

Car sickness

• "... my car sickness seems to be cured." (Link expired)
  And this was still in remission 2-3 years later. (Link expired)

Coeliac / celiac disease

See: Helminthic therapy and coeliac / celiac disease

Chemical sensitivity

See Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS).

Chronic cough

According to Jane Puckey "Regarding chronic cough. based on three of my clients experience. NA relieved cough very effectively and within a month or so in each case" (private email jan 2026)

• "Within a week of introducing 3 helminths to my system I experienced a huge reduction in my chronic cough symptoms - a health issue I have had for most of my life and which had never responded to inhalers. I continued to use helminths three monthly for almost two years until the rash that came with introducing them to my system became untenable (due to suspected MCAS)." (private email from Jane Puckey jan 2026)

See also Bronchiectasis.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

See ME/CFS. Also see Fatigue.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD)

See Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

See Helminthic therapy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Cognition, poor

• “Like my son, who had gigantic cognitive leaps within weeks of inoculation, after I bumped up to about sixty hookworms, I am finding myself capable of doing things I have never been able to do in my entire life. The whole way that I see the world has literally changed it seems overnight. I can see people in a way I never did before (or it's been so many years that I just do not remember.) Every day has been fantastic for about eight weeks now.” (Reported in a private discussion, Dec 2012)

• “After hosting hookworm... I find that my ability to reason has improved, more like when I was young. This was surprising, to say the least.” [56]

Colitis

See these separate sections: Ulcerative colitis / Ulcerative proctitis / Microscopic colitis / Lymphocytic colitis / Pancolitis.

Constipation

See Helminthic therapy and bowel function: Constipation.

Cracked heels

See Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Cracked heels

Cramps (abdominal)

• “Used to have cramps every 3-4 weeks (needed Vicodin for pain), now it happens much less frequently (2-3 months) and not as severe (much less Vicodin needed)” (Link expired)

Crohn's disease

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: Crohn's disease

Dandruff

• “My dandruff went away completely. I had moderate dandruff. Enough that wearing dark colored shirts and sweaters was really challenging, and my scalp was always itching/crawling. I didn’t even think of it as a part of my disease picture - I just figured I had dandruff. But at some point, my daughter (a cosmetologist) noticed that I didn’t have it anymore. It was probably about a year after I started helminths (NA) that she commented on it. The dandruff hasn’t returned.” (Edited from two posts. [57] [58])

Dementia

See Helminthic therapy and neurodegenerative diseases: Dementia.

Depression / low mood

See Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders: depression

Dermatitis herpetiformis

See Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Dermatitis herpetiformis

Dermatographia

• “My baby started to get dermatographia hives from touch at 6 months when I introduced solids. At 8 months he got 3 hookworm and the hives have stayed away.” (Reported to a closed group, Oct 2014)

• “About a year ago I started off with 5 NA, then went to 15 and now have about 30. I used to have dermatographia, acquired 4 years ago, which causes the skin to welt up at the slightest scratch or irritation. The welts would itch, causing me to scratch more, causing more welts. I was able to write messages on my arm, and, in order to get relief, I had to take a daily dose of Allegra for several years. I finally quit taking Allegra about 4 months into my NA inoculation since I didn’t need it anymore.” [59]

Dermatomyositis

See Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders: Myositis and dermatomyositis

Developmental delay

• "The teachers were telling us it was a definite possibility that he would never actually be able to write and that he would need assistive technology for life… We've been struggling to teach him to read for two years now… Well, in the last month (following inoculation), he's had major developmental leaps... and is now actually reading, has progressed about 12 months in the last month as far as his fine motor skills go. He's reading and writing now, actually reading at or above grade level." (Reported in a private discussion, 2011) [60]

Diabetes

See Helminthic therapy and diabetes

Diarrhea / diarrhoea

See Helminthic therapy and bowel function: Diarrhea/diarrhoea.

Diverticular disease (diverticulosis / diverticulitis)

See Helminthic therapy and diverticular disease.

Dry eye syndrome (DES) / keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

(Some of these comments are abbreviated from reports presented elsewhere on this page.)

• “Last few years I noticed my eyes are not producing tears when I cut onions, only slight burning. Less than 3 weeks since inoculation with 5 NA, my eyes are producing tears again when cutting onions.” (A patient with ulcerative colitis.) [61]

• “My dry eye also improved, where before it felt like plaster.” (A patient with lupus, Sjogrens, MCS and food allergies.) [62]

• “I was diagnosed with Sjogrens… particularly dry eyes… I started with NA two years ago, seeing positive results after 9 months… in all symptoms.” (Link expired)

• “I am nearly completely symptom free for the first time in years. No more sandpaper dry eyes, dry mouth…” (A patient with asthma, eczema, dust mite and multiple other allergies, IBS and pemphigus.) [63]

• “Her presenting symptoms included dry eyes and mouth… She procured NA larvae and self-inoculated… On this visit, she was asymptomatic.” (Re a 33-year-old female with a history of mixed connective tissue disease.) [64]

Dysautonomia

• “I was dx with NCS dysautonomia a long time ago. NA has removed the 'leg pooling' of blood which allows me the freedom of not getting that leaded leg symptom which would cause me to get dizzy... When I have the right number of NA my dysautonomia goes away." [65] [66]

Eczema / dermatitis

See Helminthic therapy and eczema

Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS)

See Helminthic therapy and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS).

Endometriosis

See: Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases

Erythromelalgia

• "I was suffering from a painful, debilitating autoimmune condition called erythromelalgia, in which my feet would periodically flare a bright red color. (Erythromelalgia involves a loss of small-fiber nerves controlling blood flow.) I also had large-fiber neuropathy, where there was no longer a measurable signal for my sural nerve (a major nerve running from the calf to the foot). Another symptom of the large-fiber neuropathy was losing all strength in the muscles which were supposed to straighten my toes. Not long after I began hosting hookworms, I also started taking low-dose naltrexone. While I think both autoimmune treatments have been helpful, and complementary, the hookworms seem more essential to my well-being. My erythromelagia has improved tremendously since treatment. In addition, I have recovered a measurable signal in the sural nerve, and can straighten my toes normally again. Although I'm not completely free of erythromelagia symptoms, my activities are no longer limited by my feet. And where I was once routinely awakened three times per night by flaring feet, I haven't experienced such a flare for 6 years now. There have also been a number of the "bonuses" that hookworm recipients sometimes speak of. Where I was very susceptible to tendinitis for most of my adult life, this is no longer the case since treatment. Where eating pineapple or strawberries always made my tongue look like a map of the world, those no longer give me any trouble. And my sense of smell, which had diminished significantly, has improved." (Via private communication, July 2015)

Eosinophilic enterocolitis

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: Eosinophilic enterocolitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE)

See Helminthic therapy and eosinophilic esophagitis (EE / EoE)

Fatigue

Also see ME/CFS (Myalgic encephalomyelitis / Chronic fatigue syndrome).

• "... I have had the most amazing increase in energy. I woke up one morning feeling off-the-charts great, and it has more or less stayed that way... I have *never* felt this good, even when I was a kid. (Link expired)

• "I found that I no longer needed to go back to bed for a couple of hours in the middle of the day in order to prevent myself from sinking into extreme exhaustion, and a brief rest in a chair was now all that was required to recharge my battery." (HT wiki, Feb 2020)

• "... she has more energy..." (Link expired)

• "I realized - after a few comments from friends - that I had stopped craving ADD drugs like Vyvanse and Adderall for their sheer energizing effect, stopped drinking – ready for this? – a pot and a half of coffee a day. I had more energy than I have had in something like 15 years. The afternoon fatigue wasn’t there as strongly – still there but reduced in its ability to floor me. I didn’t wake up tired and ready to go back to bed… All in all, I'm a happy girl so far. To have some energy back - not complete but so, so much better - is beyond joyful." (Reported by an MS patient, 4 months after inoculation with hookworms, in a private discussion, Dec 2011.)

• "I did not remember what healthy felt like until I found helminths (NA). I was very ill when I began using helminths... My energy and general health is better than most people, I think. I exercise regularly, and push myself hard at times with work, without issues. It's been amazing to be healthy again..." (Reported in a private discussion, Jan 2012.)

• "I suffer , or should I say, used to suffer from fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and multiple chemical sensitivities. I have hookworms, follow the SCD diet, ....and seem to be doing much better." (Reported in a private discussion, Jan 2012.)

• “He says (that, since inoculating with hookworms) he feels as though he has more energy than he can remember in a long, long time. He's started running and exercising at the gym regularly." (FB, Mar 2012)

• “OMG... yes hookworms have literally given me my life back, I did 10 mile walk on 1 Jan. Just a few weeks ago I couldn't get off the sofa and do anything.” (Link expired)

• “From week 10 (after inoculating with 25 NA) my fatigue slowly started to dissipate. This week, I have worked a 45 hour week framing houses in the hot sun (3 months ago I was fatiguing after 3 hours of work). Also, whatever brain fog I had has also resolved.” (Link expired)

Fibromyalgia

See Helminthic therapy and fibromyalgia.

Food allergy

See Helminthic therapy and allergy

Food intolerance

See Helminthic therapy and food intolerance

Also see Histamine intolerance, Lactose intolerance, Salicylate intolerance and Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).

GERD (reflux)

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: GERD (reflux)

Gluten ataxia

See Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Gluten ataxia

Also see Coeliac / celiac disease and Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).

Hashimoto's thyroiditis / Graves' disease

See Helminthic therapy and thyroid disease

Headaches

See Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Migraine and headaches

Helicobacter pylori infection

See: Helminthic therapy and infectious diseases

Histamine intolerance

Also see Food intolerance

• “I eat "forbidden" food and it is like a miracle, all my food allergies and even my histamine intolerance are gone, I can eat everything again, not a single reaction. As if I had never had food allergies before. I am euphoric. It is a small stage victory and a good sign indeed.” (Link expired)

• "I really think it helped my histamine problem at least 70%. I couldn't tolerate histamines without getting really tired and depressed. When my hookworms kicked in at the 9 week mark I was able to tolerate bone and meat broth." [67]

• "In the past I had serious problems with histamine and salicylates… Since hosting a bunch of hookworms I was able to gradually reintroduce all foods that previously made me sick." (Link expired)

• “Last night I celebrated New year's Eve with a glass of champagne! After almost a year of hosting hw for salicylate & Histamine intolerance I'm finally able to eat almost anything. Thanks to everyone here & hope you all have a wonderful 2015, I know I will!“ [68]

Hives / Urticaria

See Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Urticaria (Hives)

Hot flashes (hot flushes)

• “Hot flashes have decreased somewhat in the past 4 years (while hosting hookworms), but not a huge change. However on my blood tests, very wonky hormones are now in normal or ‘optimum’ range, including thyroid panel. My doctor was impressed, at least.” [69]

Hyperactivity

• "The allergist is blown away with the improvements in hyperactivity..." (Reported in a private discussion, Dec 2011)

Hypertension / high blood pressure

See Helminthic therapy and cardiometabolic conditions: Blood pressure-related disorders

Hyperthyroidism / overactive thyroid

See Helminthic therapy and thyroid disease

Hypochlorhydria / low stomach acid

• “I used to take ox bile and high doses of vitamin C (to supplement on acid), not needed anymore since NA.” [70]

Hypoglycemia / Hypoglycaemia

• "I've had the Hypoglycaemia since I was a child… My blood sugar would drop down to levels where I almost blacked out… Now I can get up at 7-8 in the morning and last until 10-11 in the evening, which would be impossible before… I'm not as hungry all the time (or constantly craving sweets) and the 'flushing' sensation with the following wave of heat and warmth which I sometimes got after a hearty meal is also gone." (Link expired)

Hypothyroidism / underactive thyroid

See Helminthic therapy and thyroid disease

IgA nephropathy

See Helminthic therapy and kidney diseases: IgA nephropathy (IgAN)

Inflammation

• “Three weeks post my second hookworm dose … not only have my food intolerances significantly declined, but so has the inflammation around the replacement knuckle I had 18 months ago. (I seem to have some degeneration of the finger joints but am told it is not arthritis.) Until now I have not been able to take up playing the keyboard again, now I can. I could not use the hand without it swelling and being painful - now I can.” [71]

Insect bite reactions

• "I can attest that using NA pretty much solved my problem with reacting to mosquitos. I used to get welts for days if I was outside for 5 mins. Now, if one happens to find me (rare now), it itches for 20 mins and is gone." [72]

Insomnia

For many more reports, see Long term sleep improvement.

• "It was quite fast. For example the first day of TSO, it was regulating my anxiety & insomnia." [73]

• “Two months ago I could not sleep without giving me a dose of salbutamol, and that only for three hours of sleep. It was hell. I thus spent the last two years. I was so worried and so resorted to HT. Now I wake up with the alarm again!” [74]

• “I have given sleeping tablets up after only 4 doses of NA (hw) after 30 years of needing them nightly.” [75]

Interstitial cystitis (IC)

See Helminthic therapy and urologic disease: Interstitial cystitis (IC)

Interstitial lung disease (ILD)

See Helminthic therapy and respiratory disease: Interstitial lung disease (ILD)

Irritability

• "Since going on hookworms a year and a half ago, the irritability (and also the restless leg syndrome) have gone away." (Link expired)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

See Helminthic therapy and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Keratosis pilaris

• “Keritosis pilaris almost gone, something I've only been able to improve before by eating liver every day. My skin hasn't been problematic aside from the keritosis pilaris near my elbows, but it now seems softer and smoother in general. (Reported 18 weeks after inoculating with 5 NA and then adding 10-12 more at 12 weeks.) [76]

Labyrinthitis

• "I had labyrinthitis. NA sorted that out perfectly. A lot of tinnitus and other symptoms have gone with it!" [77]

Lactose intolerance

See Helminthic therapy and food intolerance: Lactose intolerance

“Leaky gut”

See Helminthic therapy and leaky gut syndrome

Lichen planus

See Helminthic therapy and autoimmune diseases: Lichen planus

Lichen sclerosus

• "My Lichen sclerosus is, for all intents and purposes, GONE! NO ITCHING, NO BURNING! Skin appears to be normalizing! WOW! I can't wait to see what happens when I take my second dose! If one dose has done this much, I'd think I have a lot to look forward to!!!" (A user of NA, link expired)

• ☹️ "Unfortunately NA had no effect for me for LS." [78]

• ☹️ "NA has also not worked for me in this respect." [79]

Long Covid

See Helminthic therapy and Long COVID.

Lupus / systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

See Helminthic therapy and lupus.

Lyme disease

See Helminthic therapy and Lyme disease.

Lymphocytic colitis

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: Ulcerative proctitis

Malnutrition

• “Got my blood test results today, I am no longer malnourished! Before helminthic therapy, I tried almost every supplement under the sun to fix my nutritional deficiencies. First time in about 6 years, my alkaline phosphatase levels are back to normal! This is a HUGE improvement for me because, with time, I would develop a number of conditions due to a long list of deficiencies. I'm treating dysbiosis (chronic infection).” [80]

ME/CFS (Myalgic encephalomyelitis / Chronic fatigue syndrome)

(M.E./CFS / Myalgic encephalitis / Chronic Fatigue and Immune Deficiency Syndrome (CFIDS) / Post-viral Fatigue Syndrome (PVFS))

See Helminthic therapy and ME/CFS

Also see Fatigue.

The first two reports are more detailed than the quotes that follow them.

• Escaping Autoimmune Hell with Helminthic & Microbiome Immune Support (Migraine, CFS/M.E.) (Web archive copy)

• Wriggling out of total food intolerance, M.E. and Crohn’s disease

• "Personally any CFS I had is gone (although I still don't fair too well after spending a day in some office buildings with poor air quality)." (Reported in a private discussion, Apr 2012)

• “Before I got hookworms, I was in a VERY bad way! I could only spend the briefest of periods out of my bed or chair… My basic needs were attended to by visiting carers, but just interacting on a minimal level with these invariably very cheery folk would leave me exhausted! After many years of living like this, I adopted a team of hookworms in early 2009 and, in a matter of weeks, was feeling energised to an extent that I’d assumed I’d never experience again. I still get some brain fog if I’m tired, and rely on a good night’s sleep to ensure optimum cognition. But, thanks to the worms, I no longer need to take a rest during the day, and I can now enjoy gardening, and even paint a fence, when required. I can also do exercises and use a spin bike to keep my ageing frame mobile. And, although officially retired, I’m working again, part-time. I doubt I’d get very far if I tried to run a marathon, but I can now do everything I want to do, and that’s all that matters, so far as I'm concerned.” [81]

• ☹️ “I have had some minor and curious improvements to my health, but no improvements in my major symptoms, including my ME/CFS. Although, I must admit, my gut function is greatly improved. I used to have constant discomfort and pain there. Now, almost never.” [82]

The following two posts are by the same person.

• “At 10 weeks post inoculation with 5 NA for CFS/ME and chronic migraine, in the past two days I suddenly have many times more energy than usual for winter. Vastly more. Last winter a weekly trip to the grocery store would wipe me out to the point of being able to do NOTHING (no work, no housework, no cooking, nothing but resting) the entire rest of the week and I struggled to stay awake past 7 pm no matter how much I rested during the day. Yesterday, I cleaned the kitchen, batch cooked for half of the day, vacuumed, changed the bed linens and stayed up until 10 pm. Today I'm mopping, cleaning the bathrooms, doing laundry and cooking a bit more. This energy is in addition to the early improvements I've had in brain fog, joint pain, plantar fasciitis and increased tolerance to high FODMAP foods.” [83]

• “18 week update, treating for CFS/ME, chronic migraine, suspected RA. 5 NA, then 10-12 more at 12 weeks. My typical state pre-NA was 4-8 migraines per month and energy so low that I counted any day where I managed to cook food for dinner (with the rest of the day spent in bed or on the couch) as a good day. I had a step change improvement in energy at week 10, then a new surge of energy the last two days. In two days, I've cooked for hours, cleaned most of the house, done laundry and done a bit of spring pruning in the garden. A few minutes after I finished vacuuming this morning, my partner came up to the bedroom see me, expecting to find me in bed. Instead he found me outside on the deck with watercolours. My main concern today is not overdoing it to the point where I crash out for a week. I keep having to make myself sit down to rest as I have the energy to keep going. An unusual feeling for me. Also of note, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere and typically my worst time of year for energy. Brain fog is no longer a daily problem. Greatly improved tolerance for high fructan foods.” [84] [85] [86]

• ☹️ “I have ME and helminthic therapy did not help my general symptoms. It only removed my specific allergic reactions (so now I can have a cat and don't mind the pollen season). Nothing else (no side effects either).” (Link expired.)

• “Two and a half years ago, one of our 12 y/o twins acquired a virus that left her with debilitating post viral complications. She was diagnosed with POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome) and CFS (chronic fatigue). This was one very sick kid. She spent several months bed/couch ridden. Could barely walk from couch to toilet. Struggled to dress and wash herself. Her brain fog was so severe she quite literally could not do the sum 1+1, and any mental activity would result in her becoming teary with frustration and hopelessness. She was clinically depressed and completely socially withdrawn, and missed 12 months of school. Approx 5 months into her illness I inoculated her with approx 10 NA… It was about 2-3 months after this inoculation that she finally started to climb the long hill out of her illness… While she had a rocky year last year, missing a full term and several weeks here and there when she had flares or was unlucky enough to catch a virus, she gradually did make the climb out of the ditch. Today she is a powerhouse. She rises early with her sister 6am! to ride her bike to school (14kms!!) a few mornings a week, and takes an evening taekwando class…” [87]

• “I have both fibromyalgia and CFS/ME and was first inoculated just over 2 years ago. I have found improvement, especially since it has helped with inflammation. It is not a cure for me but I have been able to slowly go off medications, get less infections, have less flare days, and recover quicker than I use to. For me 5HWs is a dose where I obtain the most benefit with the fewest side effects.” (Link expired)

• “My wife watched me use the helminths for my Crohn's and soon jumped on board for her CFS and allergies. She is a friggin energizer bunny now. Some days, I regret turning her onto the HDC! She was a fast responder. Her allergies went away in about 4-6 weeks and the CFS was improving at the 8 week mark. She is hosting about 15 NA and doses 40 HDC every two weeks." (Link expired)

• “I suffer from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and it's almost a year ago since I took my first helminths (NA). By last summer my fatigue was progressing from mild to intermediate. It was getting to the point where I would struggle to leave my apartment and walk two blocks to do grocery shopping. I also had some issues relating to IBS, rhinitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis which made me suspect that there was an auto immune component to my fatigue. From what I read the helminths seemed to do well with that particular angle so I decided to give it a shot. For the first five months I made no other changes and I noticed a definite difference in energy. 11 months and 40 NA later I feel the best I have in years. Obviously I can't guarantee that it was all the worms, but I absolutely feel like the helminths played a big a part.” [88]

• “I‘ve done many treatments to heal myself, so it’s hard to tell which was decicive, but hookworm definitely helped and continues to help. It’s the only treatment that I continue to follow.” [89]

• “I have CFS of many decades that was mild to moderate but had got bad in the last few years. I started NA just over two years ago and, in the first 14 months, I got 3-4 (bad) bouts of flu followed by flares of autoimmune symptoms, all of which can be a sign for people with CFS that they are recovering. Now, my autoimmune symptoms are in remission and my CFS is much improved. My food intolerances are miles better, and my baseline heath is hugely better than prior to starting NA.” (Edited from three posts: [90] [91] [92])

• "Initially it was very hard going with additional fatigue, could hardly stay awake for the first 12 weeks or so. But after about 6 months, I noticed my energy levels improving and my food intolerances have also improved. My autonomic symptoms, e.g., poor body temperature regulation, have also improved a bit but probably not as much as the other symptoms. Brain fog depends a lot on food intolerance reactions and how well I sleep... It's really been worth it. Just as an example, for years I couldn't walk up any more than 5 stairs, now I can do well over 20 with no problem... I started with 5NA (but now) don't inoculate any more than 3NA at a time." [93]

• "It’s still early days for me but since starting low doses of TSO in Late March I definitely feel like I have noticeably more energy. For example, before I started HT if I got over 2000 steps in a day I would always crash for a few days. Now, though, I regularly get between 2300-2500 steps with few problems. That sounds like a small gain but for me it’s big. Also, my sleep and mood are better, my stomach is more settled, and I can eat a few more foods that I couldn’t before. And when I overdo it the PEM (post-exertional malaise) is not as severe. I still have a very long way to go but I’m more hopeful with this treatment than I have been in years." [94]

And a six month update.

• I have noticed a mild reduction in all ME/CFS symptoms including sensitivity to light and sounds. The main thing I’ve noticed is that when I do crash I now bounce back to my baseline noticeably faster. I take TSO and NA. My colonies are still fairly small as I’m moving very slowly with this therapy as per the wiki advice for people with ME/CFS. [95]

• "I’ve had ME/CFS for 30+ years and was in a particularly bad patch for the last 4½ years. Couch bound, noise sensitivity, balance issues, headaches that easily tipped over to migraines on a daily basis and debilitating fatigue. I had my first dose of 3 NA around Christmas last year, and that first month was jolly hard work. I wish I'd put meals in the freezer and set things up so I could just deal with existing. Putting things in place so I could get through each day in the easiest way possible… My symptoms worsened and I struggled to do anything. This lasted for a month and then my energy levels began increasing little by little each day. I applied another 3 NA after 3 months and again my symptoms worsened. I also noticed that I caught whatever was going around. This was again for the first month after treatment, then I again went from strength to strength each day. I've had another dose of 3 NA at the 3 month mark and the same pattern has happened again, I get worse and then I get better. Thankfully with each dose I am finding that my overall health is improving - an upward trajectory. The gains I get in the 2 good months are moving me forward and I'm now beginning to gently re-join the world. I can meet friends for social gatherings and cope with the noise and the interaction. I can be active through the day and not pay the price for it afterwards and for days following." [96]

• "I have been using helminthic therapy for the past year to treat Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Initially, I used 3 NA every 12 weeks for 3 doses, and derived significant benefit from this. However the flu-like side effects following each dose were substantial - a sore throat, sore muscles and fatigue. The worst of these would last, reliably, for a week after each inoculation, with lesser, although still significant, symptoms continuing for another 2 months. After discussing my situation with someone experienced in HT, I decided to try using TSO, which I started 4 months ago. The doses I am using currently are 0.4ml drawn from a 15ml bottle containing 2500 ova, and dosing at 4 day intervals. This regime has worked very well for me, and the side effects from the TSO have been much more manageable than with NA. Since beginning HT, I have had significant benefits. I have far greater exercise tolerance and my cognitive function and mood have both also improved, although these improvements do require continued careful dosing to maintain. I still have to be careful to avoid excessive stressors, but I am the healthiest I have been since I was first diagnosed at the age of 15 (I'm now 27) and I have improved to such an extent as to be able to resume full time study towards my degree." (Edited from three posts: [97], [98], [99].)

• "I’m in full remission from my pretty severe post-exertional malaise by hosting 3 tiny human hookworms… for me, it worked on long covid… after less than two months of hosting, I am essentially cured… also my FODMAP intolerance seems mostly fixed, and I had that for years… My CFS recovery is kind of continuing. I've been getting better over the past month which is month two for me. I've been a very strong responder. I essentially knew it was going to work since I experienced 95 to 100% recovery during the "bounce" period around day 10… It was nuts, I was actually running around… I was just able to go on a 4 day sailing trip on my boat and I actually started crying from happiness near the end at realizing I seem to have most of my life back. We even climbed a small mountain and while I was very tired and went slowly, I did not get sick after!" (Edited from several comments in the same Reddit thread. [100]

Memory loss

See Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Memory disorders

Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops

See Helminthic therapy and Ménière's disease.

Menstruation, irregular

See: Helminthic therapy and women's health

Menstruation, painful (Dysmenorrhoea / dysmenorrhea)

See: Helminthic therapy and women's health

Microscopic colitis

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: Microscopic colitis

Migraine

See Helminthic therapy and migraine

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)

See Helminthic therapy and mixed connective tissue disease

Mold (mould) illness / sensitivity

Also see Helminthic therapy and mold illness.

• “Thanks to helminthic therapy, she can cope much better now with mold.” [101]

• “I was poisoned by the floxie antibiotics. That is why I started Helminthic. My fungal issues are still with me but I am so much better.” [102]

• "I have CIRS from mould illness, MCAS and histamine Intolerance, although, when I began HT, I wasn’t aware of these diagnoses. I must say HT has been a lifesaver for me, and I found NA and TSO extremely helpful with mould symptoms; HDC, not so much. I started with 8 NA in 2019 and felt positive effects within the first three months. When I started TSO, I had a sophisticated colony of NA on board already. Zero side effects to a full course of TSO. The effects of both species on board were absolutely fantastic. I couldn’t afford to take TSO after that, unfortunately, and so benefits declined rapidly after finishing the last dose. Through this period, I was living with mould. Hence, I am confident that HT has helped me a great deal with the symptoms of mould illness." (Edited from this post.)

• "I have recently started my helminth therapy about 4 months ago with outstanding results! I was treating mold reactions, asthma, food allergies, and MCS. I am so much better with all but the MCS. I've been able to dig in my garden without a mold reaction or a very tiny one. This is all with just one treatment of 3 NAs." [103]

Mononucleosis / infectious mononucleosis / glandular fever

"A young friend of my son's has had 2 years of fatigue post glandular fever. Would become unwell if he pushed himself at all. One dose of 5 NA and within 2 months is 90 percent back to his old energetic self." [104]

Mouth ulcers

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: Mouth ulcers

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)

See Helminthic therapy and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

See Helminthic therapy and multiple sclerosis (MS)

Myasthenia gravis

See Helminthic therapy and neuromuscular disorders: Myasthenia gravis

Myodesopsia (floaters)

(Also known as myodaeopsia, myiodeopsia and myiodesopsia.)

• "Right now (at about 22 weeks since my first dose of NA) I have about a 75% reduction in distinct dark dots. There are still quite a few faint ones but its a huge reduction that had been increasing for the 5 yrs previous to NA." [105]

Myopia

• “I'm at week 14 (2 inoculations of 40 HW) and i noticed today that i can read my clock from across the room. 2 months ago i could not have done that without glasses.” [106]

Narcolepsy

Also see Helminthic therapy and narcolepsy

• "I don't have MS but narcolepsy, which is actually pretty similar, autoimmune reaction to brain, and have found a lot of relief with the paleo diet combined with (hook)worms. I used to have to take amphetamines so stay conscious, now I no longer need them, although I do still take medicine at night to improve my sleep cycles." (Reported in a private discussion, Mar 2012)

Nasal congestion

See Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis: nasal congestion

Nasal polyps

See Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis: nasal polyps

Night terror (sleep terror)

See Helminthic therapy and sleep: night terrors.

Non-coeliac / celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS)

Also see Helminthic therapy and coeliac / celiac disease and Gluten ataxia

• “A few weeks ago, I (nervously) tried bread and ice cream: no reaction! I have since been eating wheat and dairy products regularly, with no problems… This therapy has profoundly improved my life.” (Link expired)

• “He used to break out in eczema if he had gluten more than 2 days in a row and now he can eat it every day.” (Link expired)

• "… for the first time in years, he was able to eat bread without feeling ill." (Link expired)

• “I don't have celiac but HW is reducing my gluten sensitivity.” (Link expired)

• "I started Helminth therapy last November. I think my numbers are at 150. I am happy to say that my allergies are mostly gone. I am eating corn and gluten again. Amazing." (Link expired)

• “Helminths have helped me with my gluten intolerance. I have had some transgressions with gluten recently and not had the terrible sleepiness and brain fog I normally get.” [107]

• "Helped me eat gluten whenever I want worry free as well. I used to get serious headaches.” [108]

• “18 month update. After hitting the one year mark with no improvement I was starting to get discouraged… Finally, a couple weeks ago, everything changed. I was able to eat regular foods again. I did a gluten challenge... I did get symptoms, but nowhere as bad as before starting the treatment…” [109]

• “I had severe food intolerances to Gluten and Dairy and I now eat anything and everything with no trouble at all. It took me about 6 months and 100 HW before I was able to introduce gluten without a bad reaction.” (Posted to a Closed group, Jun 2016)

• ☹️ “I have been hosting NA for two and a half years (but) I am gluten sensitive yet. I feel much better but I still have issues with gluten.” [110] [111]

• “The only difference NA has made to my overall health is to 100% treat my gluten intolerance...” (From someone with fibromyalgia.) [112]

• “The things that I wanted to get some positive result with was the fatigue and the pain associated almost certainly with gluten. The fatigue has been almost completely addressed. I still get tired but don’t get that knocked out sensation. The gluten tolerance is now much improved. If I do have too much, I can still get uncomfortable bloating etc but nothing like the pain previously, and can often get away with no pain at all. I am still careful but don’t have to be so rigid with excluding it.” (Reported at 9 months, after 3 doses of 5-7 NA at 3 month intervals.) [113]

• “So I’m a little over a year into NA treatment. Last night I had dinner with a friend who is not familiar with my gluten allergy. And I decided to eat a full meal with no dietary restrictions (including flour). I did great! No noticeable symptoms until 12 hours later. I woke up with some moderate arthritic pain in my hands, and a mild headache. 16-18 hours later I had some mild GI discomfort. About 2-3 pounds of inflammation, so that was significantly decreased also. No staying in bed for 24 hours due to severe and debilitating pain. Although this isn’t going to become the norm at this point, it was incredibly freeing. I almost felt normal. I almost felt well. I did not truly believe that this would ever be possible.” (Link expired)

• “I have (had) Crohn’s and used to fear gluten for my life. I still feel like trash if I eat a diet of primarily carbs but I don’t fear gluten anymore and eat it occasionally. For the last 7 years now. It’s been great eating a donut every once in a while.” [114]

The following three reports are by the same individual.

• “I’m in month 14 and have inoculated so far with 5/3/5/7 NA, and (finally!!) I see some real improvements when I eat gluten. I digest it much better now.” [115]
• (At 18 months.) “I AM EATING GLUTEN! Yes, capital letters today. In the past two weeks I think I have achieved a milestone. For the first time I have had consistent success with digesting gluten and other things on a frequent basis. I have been testing it out daily and had my fair share of pastries, cookies and pasta (forgive me, I haven't had that in what feels like an eternity!). I can most definitely say that the worms have changed my digestion (and IBS-D) and have increased my tolerance to allergens significantly.” [116]
• (At 3 years.) "I've been to Italy and have been eating gluten and all sorts of other things. No adverse reactions. I'm feeling absolutely great. I've been (very) gradually working my way up and now ordered 10 NA. I'm absolutely thrilled still. My digestion has changed completely, I couldn't be happier where I am now." [117]

• “I started with 5 NA… It was about 9-10 months before I was sure of positive results. Probably the best health care investment I could have made. No more gluten intolerance! Better energy, mood, etc.” [118]

• "I have non-celiac gluten sensitivity dx via a wheat zoomer from Vibrant America (though I do have genetic markers for celiac) that causes joint pain, constipation, and eczema (along with chronic EBV, lymes, hashimotos, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD/NASH). I introduced a puny 3 NA in September and ate so much gluten over the holidays and didn't have increase in joint pain, constipation, or eczema." [119]

• "My wife is basically healthy. But she doesn't eat gluten because it generates a little bit of inflammation and mostly because she gets somewhat depressed when she eats anything with even a small amount of gluten. Seeing all the good TSO did for me with UC (Ulcerative colitis - more than 2 years symptom free) she began taking around 500 ova every 2 weeks for maintaining her general health. She began just 3 months ago. Last week she went on a nature trail / kayaking vacation with a group of 12 people. She had asked for no gluten meals but somehow that was not done. So she spent 7 days eating gluten every day. It had no negative impact at all. No inflammation, no depression feeling during or after the trip. Nothing. We believe this to due to TSO. It is the only thing that has changed in her lifestyle. For at least 10 years she always reacted to the slightest amount of gluten. Just not this time around. This will make traveling much more easy of course!" [120]

• "Following a few months off the NA, I took another dose about 2 months ago to treat gluten intolerance. I've been eating gluten filled noodles and had two slices of bread the other day with minimal to no reactions. It's been day and night of a difference." (Edited from this thread.)

Osteoarthritis (OA)

See Helminthic therapy and osteoarthritis

Also see Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Helminthic therapy and arthritis: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Palpitations

• “Before I started helminth therapy my heart would flutter a lot and I had irregular heart beat. It got where I could feel it all the time. It hasn't happened since.” [121]

Pancolitis

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: Pancolitis

PANDAS / PANS

See Helminthic therapy and neuropsychiatric disorders#PANDAS / PANS

Parkinson’s disease

Also see Helminthic therapy and Parkinson's disease.

• “They (pig whipworms - TSO) have a brilliant effect on dyskinesia and the need for drugs. It reduces the need for levadopa considerably.” Watch the video

Periodontitis (gum disease)

See Helminthic therapy and oral health.

Peripheral neuropathy

See Helminthic therapy and neurological disorders: Peripheral neuropathy

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)

See Helminthic therapy and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)

See Helminthic therapy and polymyalgia rheumatica

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

See: Helminthic therapy and women's health

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

See: Helminthic therapy and the liver.

Prostatitis

• “In years past I’ve always noticed prostatitis is a problem for me as seasons change, particularly from Summer into Fall. Not so, this year, and perhaps this is also due to my hookworm! Why? My theory is prostatitis can be the result of seasonal allergies. In quite a few forums around the web I’ve noticed men wondering about a connection, and my experience could help to confirm it. I do hope in time hookworm will be put to use for this “off-label” condition, as I find it to be more beneficial than any other therapy I’ve tried!” [122]

Psoriasis

See Helminthic therapy and psoriasis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)

See Helminthic therapy and arthritis: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)

Also see Helminthic therapy and arthritis and Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Raynaud syndrome / Raynaud's phenomenon

• “I have pretty nasty Raynaud's and I think they've backed mine off.” [123]

• ☹️ “I’ve also got Raynaud's (but) it hasn’t helped unfortunately.” [124] [125]

• “On this visit, she was asymptomatic. There was no evidence of rash or synovitis on examination. Complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and complement levels were within reference ranges.” [126] (Scroll down the page to read the Letter To The Editor.)

• ☹️ “I have not had any success with raynaud's myself.” [127]

• “My Raynaud syndrome is almost non existent, only showing up with several minutes of exposure to extreme cold now… I can actually hold frozen foods in my bare hands for several minutes at a time, and I almost never have to wear gloves any more. I still have some problems occasionally with the skin on my hands cracking and bleeding, but it's so much better than it was.” (Edited from two posts. [128] [129])

• “My raynauds is all but gone. I was walking today in chilly wind and fingers were cold but no sign of any colour change. Plus I am not getting the whole body hypothermic feeling. I really had lost hope of the raynauds improving!” (Edited from two posts. [130] [131])

Restless legs syndrome (RLS)

See Helminthic therapy and restless legs syndrome (RLS)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

See: Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Rhinitis

See Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis

Rosacea

See Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Rosacea

Salicylate intolerance

See Helminthic therapy and food intolerance: Salicylate intolerance

Sacroiliitis

• “I have sacroiliitis and have taken NA since 2016. I have not taken anti inflammatory pharmaceuticals. Generally I can see an improvement, right now I have the flu which tends to reduce their effectiveness.” (Comment posted in April 2019) [132]

Sarcoidosis

(Also known as Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease)

See Helminthic therapy and sarcoidosis

Sciatica

• “I had sciatica (for 27 years) and, at 7 months (post-inoculation with NA), the pain from rotating and numbness in leg ceased.” [133]

And an update, nine months later:

“Since starting HT I have had remission of sciatic pain from movement though there still is the L3-L4 narrowing which is there for good. My previous history was a tweaked sciatic. Was bed ridden for weeks, and a month to two months for pain to subside. A week ago I tweaked the nerve as bad as I every have, leaving me unable to move (bed to upright was a 5 minute process). I took 15mg prednisone and 30mg codeine and two hrs later this only marginally relieved the pain. My initial response was to get a two week supply of the above drugs for my recovery so my expectation based on severity was a long one. At about fours hours, I was walking and getting up carefully in 10 seconds. It was like all the inflammation dropped away though still reactive to rotational factors. I did not take any more drugs and, at a week, I feel completely normal again! I cannot explain this other than helminths.” [134]

• “The best thing I’ve found so far (8 months into using NA to treat ankylosing spondylitis) is that I haven’t had a single flair up of sciatica since I started taking helminths.” [135]

• "I have seen 3 surgeons. All 3 said l require-a triple fusion (to treat lower back pain) and that the surgery would result in me still being in pain. Prior to NA, l frequently spent up to 21 hours a day in Zero G Position in bed. l couldn’t walk, stand or sit for excruciating pain for more than 3 hours. I Started 11 months ago with 3 NA, and micro-dosing has been the key for me. My results from NA would start wearing off at 8 weeks, so I now dose every 6 weeks, and I’m still increasing the dosage, using my lungs as my barometer. My most recent dose was 5 NA, and the next dose will be 6 NA.

• NO more horrendous nightly asthma.
• NO fibromyalgia pain.
• NO more lower back pain.
• NO inflammatory pain.
• NO more sciatica.

I can now go for a walk and carry shopping, and I can say yes to invitations. I feel so good I’m booking a ski trip to Switzerland and Austria." (Edited from this post)

Scleroderma

See Helminthic therapy and scleroderma

Seborrhoeic dermatitis / seborrheic dermatitis

• “In March, I started HDC. The allergies immediately vanished. Lately the seborrheic dermatitis has been much better.” [136]

Sensory hypersensitivity

• “I used HDC and felt all my oversensitivity to sensory stuff lowered a lot - in a matter of a few weeks. Sounds my children made, machines, noise etc stopped overwhelming me, my sense of smell and taste became a little better.” (Edited from two posts: [137] [138].)

Shingles / herpes zoster

Also see Helminthic therapy and viral infections

• “… the person in my life who had HT had a shingles outbreak less than 3 weeks before inoculation. Two months post inoculation, the patient is doing fine with no further problems with shingles.” (Link expired)

• “Had nerve damage from shingles when I was in my 20s. Was told the nerve damage was permanent and I would alway have pain. Bothered me for years and went away after my HWs came into my life.” [139]

SIBO

See Helminthic therapy and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).

Sinusitis

See Helminthic therapy and rhinosinusitis

Sjogren's disease

See Helminthic therapy and Sjögren's disease

Sleep apnea

See Helminthic therapy and sleep.

Sleep, problems with

Search the rest of this page for “sleep”, and also see Helminthic therapy and sleep.

Stress

• “I've lost that 'tired but wired' feeling that stopped me relaxing properly, and I've started to sleep better. I get less stressed by ordinary events, and almost never use my inhalers any more." (Reported in a private discussion, Feb 2013)

• “My hookworms came, I put them on a bandaid, and applied them to my skin. My reaction was immediate and intense. Any feeling of stress that I felt went away - completely. I was stressed from my son being sick, but I also had other normal stresses; and they all went away too. I could look at the same situation, and I could not feel stressed about it.” (Link deleted)

• “Last night we went to a business dinner for my husband's work and for the first time in many years… I was able to drink wine, eat almost normally and enjoy myself rather than feeling stressed. All of this is thanks to HW.” [140]

Sweet syndrome (SS)

(Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis)

• Hookworms literally saved my life

Tendinopathy (tendinitis / tendonitis)

• "With my husband’s first attack (of tendonitis), the doctor said it's probably nothing. With the second, he said if he gets a third attack odds are it will be permanent. Well, he hasn't needed the crutch for his hands in 6 months and he's been on NA for 8 months. It never even clicked that it could be autoimmune (the doc didn't say so either). His issue was small, he only had two fingers on each hand that were prone to this, off and on, but the doctor wasn't optimistic after having had so many 'attacks'. Especially since his father has it too on his wrist." [141]

Testicular atrophy

• “One positive sign I have not mentioned thus far has to do with my passionate parts. Yes, my wobblies. For several years, I have noticed that my testicles were getting smaller and lighter. I did not like it, but wrote it off as a natural consequence of aging. Almost immediately, after I began taking worms (HDC), this situation began to reverse. My testicles began to grow and grow, getting heavier, and heavier. Now, I haven’t been weighing them on the bathroom scale, and keeping a chart of their progress, mind you. It’s just something a feller notices. Anyway, now they are a normal size, like when I was younger, my “reproductive health” has increased significantly. Quite interesting. [142]

Tinnitus

Also see Ménière's disease / endolymphatic hydrops, above, and the separate page, Helminthic therapy and tinnitus.

• “For years tinnitus was a constant scream and, at about 5 months (post-inoculation), had intermittent easing. Then, at about 8 months, was gone. Now it just reoccurs for a few days with (each) inoculation…” [143]

Travel sickness

• "One major new development is that, as of about 10 days ago, my car sickness seems to be cured. I have never been able to read on the bus, in stop and go traffic, without getting nauseous." (Link expired)

Trimethylaminuria (TMAU)

• “I have a case which I think is a first for helminth therapy. The case is a young man in his twenties who suffered from Trimethylaminuria (TMAU), and whose family became so desperate they decided to try (HT). After a dose of 10 NA, all symptoms started to disappear after just 3 weeks. He is totally in remission and has not had to re-dose at this stage. It has been 8 months.” [144]

Ulcer, leg

• "I have a long history of cd and … I had a pyoderma gangrenosum on my leg… when I did the hooks my ulcer healed. This is the only treatment that has worked for me." (Link expired)

Ulcerative colitis

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative proctitis

See Helminthic therapy and gastrointestinal diseases: Ulcerative proctitis

Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)

• “… after taking the TSO for about 6 months, the inflammation in my intestines which my gastroenterologist told me was connective tissue disease, disappeared. How do I know this? I have MRI’s and CAT scans prior to taking the TSO which show and mention it. Then, I have one 6 months later which doesn’t show or mention it. I really don’t think this is a coincidence. The abdominal pain was greatly reduced also.” [145]

Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• “My chronic UTIs have been alleviated (at 3½ months post-inoculation with NA). As have my bladder control issues. I would not have ever associated this with autoimmune issues. But I’ll take it.” [146]

• “When the (NA) colony is working at 100%, the UTIs practically disappear.” [147]

Vertigo

• “I have just come back from driving 900 miles in the last two days and don't feel in total melt down. I'll be tired tomorrow, but in the past I'd have had several days where my vertigo was a problem after this sort of journey. I've been hosting (NA) for a year and it has changed my life.” [148]

Vitiligo

See Helminthic therapy and skin conditions: Vitiligo

Warts

• “Since inoculating (with NA) less than six months ago… two pesky warts I've had for over a decade have disappeared.” [149]

• “I did notice a wart on my foot that has lived with me these past 8 months is completely gone!” (While taking HDCs.) [150]

Weight, excess

Also see the separate page, Helminths, appetite and body weight.

• “I actually lost weight from decreased inflammation as did my husband. No problems, though. I'd never realized how much water for inflammation I was carrying around - about nine pounds.” [151]

• “My appetite also decreased, and the weight that I have gained while being sick started to drop away.” [152]

• “Even though he was taking (hook)worms to soothe his terrible heartburn, seasonal allergies, and IBS, it helped him lose the extra weight without doing anything.” [153]

Weight, insufficient

Also see the separate page, Helminths, appetite and body weight.

• “In the last 28 months since my wife started helminthic therapy she has gone from 70 to about 85 Kg, even if the amount of food she consumes has not changed much.” [154]

• “With the use of HDC, I gained 15 pounds (despite eating exactly the same).” [155]

See also

• Helminthic therapy for well people

The reintroduction to the digestive tract of a controlled number of specially domesticated, mutualistic helminths (intestinal worms) in the form of microscopic eggs or larvae to reconstitute a depleted biome to treat or prevent chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other immune-related disorders, including allergy.

An intestinal worm which grows large enough to be seen with the naked eye when mature but which is microscopic when administered in helminthic therapy. Wikipedia:Helminths

A helminth that lives in the small intestine. Necator americanus (NA) is the only hookworm species used in helminthic therapy. Its microscopic larvae are applied periodically to the skin.

The species of human hookworm used in helminthic therapy. Its microscopic larvae are applied periodically to the skin.

the human hookworm, Necator americanus

A helminth with a tapering whiplike body that lives in the colon. In helminthic therapy, the microscopic eggs of either the human Trichuris trichiura (TTO) or pig Trichuris suis (TSO) are taken in a drink.

The human whipworm used in helminthic therapy and taken periodically as microscopic eggs (TTO) in a drink.

the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura

The porcine (pig) whipworm used in helminthic therapy and taken as microscopic eggs (TSO) in a drink every two weeks.

the ova (eggs) of the porcine (pig) whipworm, Trichuris suis

A helminth with a flat, ribbon-like, segmented body. Only the murine (rat) tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, is used in helminthic therapy and this generally does not reach adulthood in humans so requires regular dosing of HDC.

A murine (rat) tapeworm used in helminthic therapy that generally does not mature in humans and is taken as cysticerci (HDC) in a drink every 2 or 3 weeks.

Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids (Hi-men-o-lep'is dim-a-nu-ta sis-ti-sur-koid) - the larval cysts of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta

The reintroduction to the digestive tract of a controlled number of specially domesticated, mutualistic helminths (intestinal worms) in the form of microscopic eggs or larvae to reconstitute a depleted biome to treat or prevent chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other immune-related disorders, including allergy.

The introduction of an infectious agent into an organism. Helminth inoculation

Also known as regional enteritis, this is an inflammatory disease of the intestines that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms. It primarily causes abdominal pain, diarrhea (which may be bloody if inflammation is severe), vomiting or weight loss, but may also cause complications outside the gastrointestinal tract such as skin rashes, arthritis, inflammation of the eye, tiredness and lack of concentration.

A helminth that lives in the small intestine. Necator americanus (NA) is the only hookworm species used in helminthic therapy. Its microscopic larvae are applied periodically to the skin.

An intestinal worm which grows large enough to be seen with the naked eye when mature but which is microscopic when administered in helminthic therapy. Wikipedia:Helminths

The reintroduction to the digestive tract of a controlled number of specially domesticated, mutualistic helminths (intestinal worms) in the form of microscopic eggs or larvae to reconstitute a depleted biome to treat or prevent chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other immune-related disorders, including allergy.

the ova (eggs) of the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura

A procedure in which a flexible fibre-optic instrument is inserted through the anus in order to examine the colon.

helminthic therapy

The reintroduction to the digestive tract of a controlled number of specially domesticated, mutualistic helminths (intestinal worms) in the form of microscopic eggs or larvae to reconstitute a depleted biome to treat and prevent chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other immunological disorders including allergy.

An intestinal worm which grows large enough to be seen with the naked eye when mature but which is microscopic when administered in helminthic therapy. Wikipedia:Helminths

Someone who treats their own disease or condition without medical assistance.

Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids (Hi-men-o-lep'is dim-a-nu-ta sis-ti-sur-koid) - the larval cysts of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta

The reintroduction to the digestive tract of a controlled number of specially domesticated, mutualistic helminths (intestinal worms) in the form of microscopic eggs or larvae to reconstitute a depleted biome to treat or prevent chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other immune-related disorders, including allergy.

hookworm, usually referring to the human hookworm, Necator americanus

hookworm, usually referring to the human hookworm, Necator americanus

hookworm, usually referring to the human hookworm, Necator americanus

the ability to produce a desired or intended result.

a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.

whipworm, referring either to the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, or the porcine (pig) whipworm, Trichuris suis

Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which specifically affects the large intestine, or colon, causing characteristic ulcers, or open sores. The main symptom of active disease is constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset.

Eosinophils are a specialised type of white blood cell with a variety of both harmful and beneficial functions. Their numbers rise temporarily following inoculation with helminths.

Mast cell activation syndrome, also referred to as mast cell activation disorder (MCAD). An immunological condition. Wikipedia:Mast cell activation syndrome

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity is a chronic physical illness affecting people of all ages and backgrounds. It involves allergic-type reactions to very low levels of chemicals in everyday products and often also sensitivity to food, medicines, moulds and electromagnetic fields. A review of a two-phase population study of multiple chemical sensitivities

Irritable bowel syndrome is a widespread condition involving recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhoea or constipation. Wikipedia:Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The active immature form of an insect, or an animal such as a helminth, which develops from an egg and eventually transforms again into its adult state.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus. Symptoms are difficulty swallowing, food impaction and heartburn. The disease was first described in children but also occurs in adults. It is not well understood, but food allergy may play a significant role.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus. Symptoms are difficulty swallowing, food impaction and heartburn. The disease was first described in children but also occurs in adults. It is not well understood, but food allergy may play a significant role.

Multiple sclerosis (also known as disseminated sclerosis) is a chronic, typically progressive disease involving damage to the sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, whose symptoms may include numbness, impairment of speech and of muscular coordination, blurred vision and severe fatigue.

The reintroduction to the digestive tract of a controlled number of specially domesticated, mutualistic helminths (intestinal worms) in the form of microscopic eggs or larvae to reconstitute a depleted biome to treat or prevent chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other immune-related disorders, including allergy.

Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine concerned with disorders of the digestive system which includes all the organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (alimentary canal) from mouth to anus. Physicians practicing in this field of medicine are called gastroenterologists or GI specialists.

Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which specifically affects the large intestine, or colon, causing characteristic ulcers, or open sores. The main symptom of active disease is constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset.

Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which specifically affects the large intestine, or colon, causing characteristic ulcers, or open sores. The main symptom of active disease is constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset.

A helminth with a tapering whiplike body that lives in the colon. In helminthic therapy, the microscopic eggs of either the human Trichuris trichiura (TTO) or pig Trichuris suis (TSO) are taken in a drink.

the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result; success.