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Human helminth care manual: Difference between revisions
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* ❌[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroform chloroform] | * ❌[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroform chloroform] | ||
might possibly also kill human helminths if taken in large enough quantity, | might possibly also kill human helminths if taken in large enough quantity, | ||
although other VOCs may not (see VOCs section below). However, a clinical scientist has reported that, while hosting human helminths, he | although other VOCs may not (see [[#VOCs|VOCs section]] below). However, a clinical scientist has reported that, while hosting human helminths, he | ||
worked around more organic solvents, including dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and chloroform (CHCl3), than most | worked around more organic solvents, including dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and chloroform (CHCl3), than most | ||
people are exposed to in a lifetime, and that his hookworms and whipworms continued uninterrupted egg | people are exposed to in a lifetime, and that his hookworms and whipworms continued uninterrupted egg | ||
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and may want to request intravenous-only general anaesthesia, which will involve the use of mostly propofol. It may | and may want to request intravenous-only general anaesthesia, which will involve the use of mostly propofol. It may | ||
also be wise to request avoidance of any local anaesthesia with one of the "caine" drugs, which are often employed | also be wise to request avoidance of any local anaesthesia with one of the "caine" drugs, which are often employed | ||
to limit sympathetic response even when the patient is unconscious as a result of general anaesthesia. ( | to limit sympathetic response even when the patient is unconscious as a result of general anaesthesia. (see next section [[#localAnaesthetics|Anaesthetics (anesthetics), local]] for further discussion of the “caine” drugs). | ||
further discussion of the “caine” drugs | |||
✅ [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090804145614.htm Regional nerve blocks] may provide a better alternative to general anaesthesia for helminth hosts in some cases, | ✅ [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090804145614.htm Regional nerve blocks] may provide a better alternative to general anaesthesia for helminth hosts in some cases, | ||
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</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
<span id="localAnaesthetics"></span> | |||
=== Anaesthetics (anesthetics), local [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaesthetics] === | === Anaesthetics (anesthetics), local [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaesthetics] === | ||
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbocaine Mepivacaine] (carbocaine, polocaine) | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbocaine Mepivacaine] (carbocaine, polocaine) | ||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivicaine Bupivicaine] (marcaine) | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivicaine Bupivicaine] (marcaine) | ||
and one helminth host has reported | and one helminth host has reported[https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/topics/3229] that the short-acting articaine had no adverse effect on his hookworms. If a patient explains that they don't want to be numb for | ||
several hours, the dentist will usually use one of the short-acting drugs, or one combined with a vasoconstrictor | several hours, the dentist will usually use one of the short-acting drugs, or one combined with a vasoconstrictor | ||
such as epinephrine, which helps to reduce the amount of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation. | such as epinephrine, which helps to reduce the amount of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation. | ||
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==== ✅ Local anaesthetics continued ==== | ==== ✅ Local anaesthetics continued ==== | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioids Opioid] pain killers ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl fentanyl], etc.) | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioids Opioid] pain killers ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl fentanyl], etc.) | ||
colonoscopies) | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine benzodiazepine] anaesthetics ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versed versed], etc., routinely used during colonoscopies) | ||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotic_analgesic narcotic analgesics] | |||
all appear to be harmless to helminths, so, taken orally at high strength, | |||
these may be a suitable substitute for local anaesthetics in many situations. For example, one helminth host has | these may be a suitable substitute for local anaesthetics in many situations. For example, one helminth host has | ||
found that 30 mg [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine], taken along with 1,000 mg of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen paracetamol] (acetaminophen) an hour or two | found that 30 mg [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine], taken along with 1,000 mg of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen paracetamol] (acetaminophen) an hour or two | ||
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[http://www.drugs.com/mmx/vanquin.html Pyrvinium] (Vanquin, viprynium). This anthelmintic was previously used to treat pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) | [http://www.drugs.com/mmx/vanquin.html Pyrvinium] (Vanquin, viprynium). This anthelmintic was previously used to treat pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) | ||
infections, but has been largely replaced by other anthelmintics, e.g., mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate. | infections, but has been largely replaced by other anthelmintics, e.g., mebendazole or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrantel pyrantel pamoate]. | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperazine Piperazine] (also Piperazine hydrate and piperazine) citrate are anthelminthic drugs that kill 60-70% of adult | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperazine Piperazine] (also Piperazine hydrate and piperazine) citrate are anthelminthic drugs that kill 60-70% of adult | ||
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* ❓ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone Ozone]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_therapy Ozone therapy] is used as an alternative treatment for various diseases in humans but is still controversial. Ozone is also used to kill microorganisms, in some instances being employed in place of chlorine as a bactericide. It is also used to eradicate water borne parasites such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium, and to kill insects in stored grain. So there would appear to be a potential for ozone to have an adverse effect on human helminths, although this may depend on dosage and there have been no reports to date of the use of ozone by helminth hosts, so caution would seem to be warranted until more is known. | * ❓ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone Ozone]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_therapy Ozone therapy] is used as an alternative treatment for various diseases in humans but is still controversial. Ozone is also used to kill microorganisms, in some instances being employed in place of chlorine as a bactericide. It is also used to eradicate water borne parasites such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium, and to kill insects in stored grain. So there would appear to be a potential for ozone to have an adverse effect on human helminths, although this may depend on dosage and there have been no reports to date of the use of ozone by helminth hosts, so caution would seem to be warranted until more is known. | ||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen Paracetamol] (acetaminophen). This is safe for use with helminths | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen Paracetamol] (acetaminophen. Also sold under names tylenol, panadol, etc). This is safe for use with helminths | ||
* ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentobarbital Pentobarbital] (US), pentobarbitone (UK), e.g., Nembutal, is a short-acting '''barbiturate''' that has been used as a sleep aid, as well as to euthanise animals and to execute humans. It’s possible that the dosages used to encourage sleep might not have any deleterious effect on human helminths, but, if this drug were to disorientate hookworms, they could lose their grip on the intestinal mucosa and be flushed away. So far, there have been no reports about this drug from any helminth host, although few, if any, will have taken it. | * ❌ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentobarbital Pentobarbital] (US), pentobarbitone (UK), e.g., Nembutal, is a short-acting '''barbiturate''' that has been used as a sleep aid, as well as to euthanise animals and to execute humans. It’s possible that the dosages used to encourage sleep might not have any deleterious effect on human helminths, but, if this drug were to disorientate hookworms, they could lose their grip on the intestinal mucosa and be flushed away. So far, there have been no reports about this drug from any helminth host, although few, if any, will have taken it. | ||
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* [http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/lung-problems/medicines/vicks-first-defence.html Vicks First Defence]. This cold preventative nasal spray does not contain antiviral chemicals, but forms a microgel that coats the lining of the nose to trap the cold virus and prevent this from reaching, and infecting, the cells within the nose. The microgel also reduces the pH inside the nose, which further helps by making it harder for the cold virus to multiply. It seems unlikely that any of this product’s ingredients would harm helminths, although there have been no reports to confirm this. | * [http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/lung-problems/medicines/vicks-first-defence.html Vicks First Defence]. This cold preventative nasal spray does not contain antiviral chemicals, but forms a microgel that coats the lining of the nose to trap the cold virus and prevent this from reaching, and infecting, the cells within the nose. The microgel also reduces the pH inside the nose, which further helps by making it harder for the cold virus to multiply. It seems unlikely that any of this product’s ingredients would harm helminths, although there have been no reports to confirm this. | ||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile_Organic_Compounds Volatile Organic Compounds] (VOCs), as found in paints, felt tip markers, etc., are unlikely to harm helminths. One helminth host who regularly worked with organic solvents (including CH2Cl2 and CHCl3) has reported that his helminths have not been affected. | * <span id=VOCs></span>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile_Organic_Compounds Volatile Organic Compounds] (VOCs), as found in paints, felt tip markers, etc., are unlikely to harm helminths. One helminth host who regularly worked with organic solvents (including CH2Cl2 and CHCl3) has reported that his helminths have not been affected. | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||