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==== ⚡ General discussion ==== | ==== ⚡ General discussion ==== | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycycline Doxycycline] (Vibramycin, Monodox, Microdox, Periostat, Vibra-Tabs, Oracea, Doryx, Vibrox, Adoxa, Doxyhexal, Doxylin, Doxoral, Doxy-1 and Atridox, etc.) | ⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycycline Doxycycline] (Vibramycin, Monodox, Microdox, Periostat, Vibra-Tabs, Oracea, Doryx, Vibrox, Adoxa, Doxyhexal, Doxylin, Doxoral, Doxy-1 and Atridox, etc.) is a tetracycline antibiotic that also has antiprotozoal, antibacterial and some anthelminthic effects, although the latter have been claimed to only affect filarial nematodes. In this case, the drug kills a symbiotic bacterium in the worm’s reproductive tract, thus rendering it sterile. Moreover, an eight-week course of doxycycline may be necessary to achieve this effect. One hookworm host has reported that he took doxycycline for a total of 5 weeks without noticeable effect on his worms [https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/10055], but another has said that her hookworms “completely stopped working” after taking doxycycline for only three days. [https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/helminthictherapy/conversations/messages/8488] She said that this happened “pretty much overnight”, and that, in spite of getting a supplementary dose of worms a month or so after taking the antibiotic, [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/786180988104525/?comment_id=786946941361263&offset=0&total_comments=16] she didn’t feel right again for the following 6 months. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/786180988104525/?comment_id=786624918060132&offset=0&total_comments=15] (NB: doxycycline has also been found to have [http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-03-antibiotics-unexpected-effects-mitochondria.html unexpected effects on mitochondria].) | ||
Short courses of most other antibiotics will usually only cause a temporary loss of benefit for between 2 and 8 weeks (e.g., ➿ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin erythromycin] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/770548519667772/]), although it is possible for efficacy to be reduced for longer, e.g., [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1131267180262569/?comment_id=1134969589892328&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D 4 months], and even [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/700908506631774/?comment_id=951430548246234&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D 6 months], and there is anecdotal evidence suggesting a correlation between the length of a course of antibiotics and the length of time that affected helminths are out of action. | Short courses of most other antibiotics will usually only cause a temporary loss of benefit for between 2 and 8 weeks (e.g., ➿ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin erythromycin] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/770548519667772/]), although it is possible for efficacy to be reduced for longer, e.g., [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1131267180262569/?comment_id=1134969589892328&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D 4 months], and even [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/700908506631774/?comment_id=951430548246234&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R0%22%7D 6 months], and there is anecdotal evidence suggesting a correlation between the length of a course of antibiotics and the length of time that affected helminths are out of action. | ||
It is possible that even a small dose of antibiotic could cause a return of symptoms in some people. For example, | It is possible that even a small dose of antibiotic could cause a return of symptoms in some people. For example, one hookworm host has reported experiencing a recurrence of significant disease symptoms after using 3 drops per day, for only 1½ days, of a solution of Tobramycin 3mg (0.3%) and Dexamethasone 1mg (0.1%), although this one-off occurrence could have been a coincidence. | ||
one hookworm host has reported experiencing a recurrence of significant disease symptoms after using 3 drops per | |||
day, for only 1½ days, of a solution of Tobramycin 3mg (0.3%) and Dexamethasone 1mg (0.1%), although this one-off | |||
occurrence could have been a coincidence. | |||
When it is essential to take oral antibiotics, the duration of their negative effect on hookworms can be significantly | When it is essential to take oral antibiotics, the duration of their negative effect on hookworms can be significantly reduced - perhaps to as little as 2 weeks - by taking a small top-up dose of 5-10 larvae after finishing the course of drugs. This inoculation can be carried out on the day following the last dose of antibiotic. | ||
reduced - perhaps to as little as 2 weeks - by taking a small top-up dose of 5-10 larvae after finishing the course of | |||
drugs. This inoculation can be carried out on the day following the last dose of antibiotic. | |||
It has been suggested that the reduction in the benefits derived from hosting human helminths that is seen after | It has been suggested that the reduction in the benefits derived from hosting human helminths that is seen after taking antibiotics might result, at least in part, from a loss from the gut microbiome of helpful bacterial species and | ||
taking antibiotics might result, at least in part, from a loss from the gut microbiome of helpful bacterial species and | the proliferation of less beneficial ones. This suggestion, and the fact that taking probiotics alongside antibiotics is known to help [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130530192404.htm offset the gastrointestinal symptoms] typically associated with these drugs, has led some to speculate that the use of high doses (perhaps 5 or 10 times the normal dose) of good quality probiotics might help to reduce the time that helminths are out of action after using these drugs. Similarly, a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) might also help to restore worm benefits more quickly. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1149149175141036/?comment_id=1242073262515293&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22%3A%22R%22%7D] | ||
the proliferation of less beneficial ones. This suggestion, and the fact that taking probiotics alongside antibiotics is | |||
known to help [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130530192404.htm offset the gastrointestinal symptoms] typically associated with these drugs, has led some | |||
probiotics might help to reduce the time that helminths are out of action after using these drugs. | |||
It is possible that the consumption of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) while taking probiotics may also help to | It is possible that the consumption of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) while taking probiotics may also help to restore the gut biome, as GOS has been shown to help [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925303 support the recovery of beneficial bifidobacteria] and increase the production of butyrate, after antibiotic treatment. GOS is available in the form of [http://www.bimuno.com/ Bimuno Prebiotic Powder]. | ||
restore the gut biome, as GOS has been shown to help [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925303 support the recovery of beneficial bifidobacteria] and | |||
increase the production of butyrate, after antibiotic treatment. GOS is available in the form of [http://www.bimuno.com/ Bimuno Prebiotic Powder]. | |||
In the case of someone needing to take antibiotics regularly, or on a long-term basis, there would be little point in | In the case of someone needing to take antibiotics regularly, or on a long-term basis, there would be little point in them using hookworms until completely off these drugs. Some worm benefits may be maintained in users of the human whipworm, so long as doses of this organism are being taken regularly, every few weeks. Another solution for those who need to take antibiotics frequently, or for prolonged periods, would be to switch to TSO (Trichuris suis ova [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichuris_suis] as these are less likely to be adversely affected by antibiotics. HDC (Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenolepis_diminuta] may also be less susceptible to antibiotics than human helminths, although two users of HDC have reported that the antibiotic, ⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsone Dapsone] (diamino-diphenyl sulfone), causes a return of their disease symptoms. | ||
them using hookworms until completely off these drugs. Some worm benefits may be maintained in users of the | |||
human whipworm, so long as doses of this organism are being taken regularly, every few weeks. Another solution | |||
for those who need to take antibiotics frequently, or for prolonged periods, would be to switch to TSO (Trichuris suis ova | |||
may also be less susceptible to antibiotics than human helminths, although two users of HDC have reported that | |||
the antibiotic, ⚡ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsone Dapsone] (diamino-diphenyl sulfone), causes a return of their disease symptoms. | |||
❓ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfomycin Fosfomycin] (also known as phosphomycin, phosphonomycin, Monurol and Monuril)<br> A single, one-off, 3g dose if this broad-spectrum antibiotic that was taken by a hookworm host to treat a urinary tract infection had no obvious effect on her worms. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/966600183395937/?comment_id=967794996609789&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] However, larger doses or a longer treatment period may produce a different result. | ❓ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfomycin Fosfomycin] (also known as phosphomycin, phosphonomycin, Monurol and Monuril)<br> A single, one-off, 3g dose if this broad-spectrum antibiotic that was taken by a hookworm host to treat a urinary tract infection had no obvious effect on her worms. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/966600183395937/?comment_id=967794996609789&comment_tracking=%7B%22tn%22:%22R%22%7D] However, larger doses or a longer treatment period may produce a different result. |