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Human helminth care manual: Difference between revisions
→Medical procedures
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''' ✅ Safe for worms unless marked otherwise''' | ''' ✅ Safe for worms unless marked otherwise''' | ||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonoscopy Colonoscopy]<br>As whipworms live in the colon, they may be at some risk of being struck by a colonoscope, but much of their body is embedded in the soft mucosa, and they are well lubricated with mucus, so few, if any, are likely to be damaged. Hookworms should not be affected by colonoscopy at all because they live in the small intestine, which is much higher up the GI tract. Hookworms might possibly be seen during a colonoscopy, but only if the colonoscope is advanced into the terminal ileum, and only then if any hookworms have taken up residence in the ileum, which is not common as they normally concentrate in the upper part of the jejunum, which is above the ileum, and is shown in red in this representation.<br><br><span style="width:auto; background-color:#F5FAFF;border: 1px solid #CEDFF2; padding:12px;"> mouth ➤ oesophagus ➤ stomach ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum duodenum] ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunum <span style="color:red;">jej</span>unum] ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileum ileum] ➤ colon ➤ rectum | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonoscopy Colonoscopy]<br>As whipworms live in the colon, they may be at some risk of being struck by a colonoscope, but much of their body is embedded in the soft mucosa, and they are well lubricated with mucus, so few, if any, are likely to be damaged. Hookworms should not be affected by colonoscopy at all because they live in the small intestine, which is much higher up the GI tract. Hookworms might possibly be seen during a colonoscopy, but only if the colonoscope is advanced into the terminal ileum, and only then if any hookworms have taken up residence in the ileum, which is not common as they normally concentrate in the upper part of the jejunum, which is above the ileum, and is shown in red in this representation.<br><br><span style="width:auto; background-color:#F5FAFF;border: 1px solid #CEDFF2; padding:12px;"> mouth ➤ oesophagus ➤ stomach ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum duodenum] ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunum <span style="color:red;">jej</span>unum] ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileum ileum] ➤ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecum caecum] ➤ colon ➤ rectum</span><br><br>Anaesthesia for colonoscopy is likely to involve the use of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioids opioid] pain killers ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl fentanyl], etc.), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine benzodiazepine] anaesthetics ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versed Versed], etc.) and/or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotic_analgesic narcotic analgesics], all of which appear to be harmless to helminths. If a general anaesthetic incorporating ❌'''nitrous oxide''' (see entry above) were used, this would definitely kill hookworms - and possibly whipworms too, though this is less certain. The injected anaesthetic, '''propofol''', appears to be the only worm-safe general anaesthetic, and this is arguably the anaesthetic of choice[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110215111817.htm] for endoscopic procedures, and is safe for use in children[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089466] (See [[#Anaesthetics|Anaesthetics]] section for more detail), (See [[#Laxatives|Laxatives]] regarding colonoscopy prep). | ||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonic_hydrotherapy Colonic Hydrotherapy]<br>This will not harm hookworms and is unlikely to harm whipworms unless the fluid used contains something to which the whipworms are vulnerable. | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonic_hydrotherapy Colonic Hydrotherapy]<br>This will not harm hookworms and is unlikely to harm whipworms unless the fluid used contains something to which the whipworms are vulnerable. | ||
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enema Enemas] <br>These will not affect hookworms at all, and the liquid used is unlikely to have any adverse effect on whipworms unless this contains something to which they are susceptible. | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enema Enemas] <br>These will not affect hookworms at all, and the liquid used is unlikely to have any adverse effect on whipworms unless this contains something to which they are susceptible. | ||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy Endoscopy] <br>A standard upper endoscopy (via the mouth) will not reach past the duodenum, and probably only as far as the second of the four parts of this section of the small intestine. It would therefore not harm hookworms or even allow a doctor to see the jejunum, which is the predominant location of hookworms by 20 weeks post-inoculation, shown in red in this representation.<br><br><span style="width:auto; background-color:#F5FAFF;border: 1px solid #CEDFF2; padding:12px;"> mouth ➤ oesophagus ➤ stomach ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum duodenum] ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunum <span style="color:red;">jej</span>unum] ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileum ileum] ➤ colon ➤ rectum | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy Endoscopy] <br>A standard upper endoscopy (via the mouth) will not reach past the duodenum, and probably only as far as the second of the four parts of this section of the small intestine. It would therefore not harm hookworms or even allow a doctor to see the jejunum, which is the predominant location of hookworms by 20 weeks post-inoculation, shown in red in this representation.<br><br><span style="width:auto; background-color:#F5FAFF;border: 1px solid #CEDFF2; padding:12px;"> mouth ➤ oesophagus ➤ stomach ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum duodenum] ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunum <span style="color:red;">jej</span>unum] ➤ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileum ileum] ➤ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecum caecum] ➤ colon ➤ rectum</span><br><br>See also the anaesthesia section (anaesthesia for endoscopy). | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging Magnetic resonance imaging] An MRI is unlikely to harm helminths, but it can cause a temporary adverse reaction in the patient which may overshadow the benefits being provided by their helminths. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1296754897047129/] | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging Magnetic resonance imaging] An MRI is unlikely to harm helminths, but it can cause a temporary adverse reaction in the patient which may overshadow the benefits being provided by their helminths. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/htsupport/permalink/1296754897047129/] | ||