Mechanisms underlying helminth colonization
This page aims to describe the different mechanisms underlying helminth colonization. It lists over 900 unique articles, but requires better classification.
There are many different helminth species, belonging to different phyla. Since these may use different mechanisms from each other, the effects of one species can not be generalized to others.
Percutaneous penetration[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Aug 8 Immune response of hosts to antigens of bird schistosomes and immunodiagnostics of infections -- PDF (Thesis) (May not be not relevant to therapeutic helminths.)
- 2025 Aug 7 TRPV1 neurons promote cutaneous immunity against Schistosoma mansoni -- Full text (media coverage Newsweek
- 2025 Mar 1 Myeloid-derived IL-33 drives γδ T cell-dependent resistance against cutaneous infection by Strongyloides ratti (May not be not relevant to therapeutic helminths.)
- 2025 Acquired resistance against penetration by strongylodies ratti is mediated by IL-33-dependent induction of gamma delta T cells -- PDF (Thesis) (May not be not relevant to therapeutic helminths.)
- 2024 Nov MrgprA3 neurons drive cutaneous immunity against helminths through selective control of myeloid-derived IL-33 -- Full text
- 2022 Aug 15 Untargeted Multimodal Metabolomics Investigation of the Haemonchus contortus Exsheathment Secretome -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jan 5 Comparison of percutaneous vs oral infection of hamsters with the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum: Parasite development, pathology and primary immune response -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Feb 12 Hookworms Evade Host Immunity by Secreting a Deoxyribonuclease to Degrade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps -- Full text
- 2018 Aug Human dendritic cell sequestration onto the Necator americanus larval sheath during ex-sheathing: a possible mechanism for immune privilege
- 2017 Dec 7 The physicochemical fingerprint of Necator americanus -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Oct 7 Transgenic C. elegans dauer larvae expressing hookworm phospho null DAF-16/FoxO exit dauer -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Dec Activation of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infective larvae is regulated by a pathway distinct from the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum -- Full text
- 2010 Sep Hookworm (Necator americanus) larval enzymes disrupt human vascular endothelium -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Hookworms and the vascular endothelium (Thesis)
- 2009 Mar Molecular cloning and DNA binding characterization of DAF-16 orthologs from Ancylostoma hookworms
- 2008 Apr Necator americanus: the Na-ASP-2 protein secreted by the infective larvae induces neutrophil recruitment in vivo and in vitro -- Full text
- 2006 Dec The exsheathment of Necator americanus infective larvae -- PDF
Lung effects[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov The E3 Ubiquitin ligase Cul5 limits ILC2 cell responses in the lung following helminth infection
- 2025 Sep 8 Receptor for advanced glycation end products regulates the pulmonary and intestinal host responses to the infection with the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis -- Full text
- 2025 Jun 19 Rapid group-2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization from the intestine aids in early lung defense and repair -- Full text
- 2025 Jul 15 Helminth infection induces innate immune priming in plasmacytoid dendritic cells -- Full text
- 2025 Mar 29 Helminth infection favors reprogramming and proliferation of lung neutrophils -- Full text (Preprint)
- 2025 May 8 Macrophage-Derived Relmα Promotes Lung Tissue Repair Following Helminth Infection In a Murine Model (Capstone Project)
- 2024 Aug Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice -- Full text
- 2022 Apr β-Glucan receptors on IL-4 activated macrophages are required for hookworm larvae recognition and trapping -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jun 14 IL-13 deficiency exacerbates lung damage and impairs epithelial-derived type 2 molecules during nematode infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec 2 ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Oct 31 Intestinal helminth infection enhances bacteria-induced recruitment of neutrophils to the airspace -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jan 12 Helminth Modulation of Lung Inflammation
- 2017 Oct Enteric helminth-induced type I interferon signaling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jun 9 Local amplifiers of IL-4Rα-mediated macrophage activation promote repair in lung and liver -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Sep Helminths in the lungs
- 2013 Dec 16 IL-9-mediated survival of type 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes damage control in helminth-induced lung inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Oct Hookworm infection permanently alters the pulmonary environment of its host: Understanding the induction of the alternatively activated macrophage (Thesis)
- 2008 Aug Hookworm-induced persistent changes to the immunological environment of the lung -- Full text | PDF
- 2007 Feb Helminth-induced changes in pulmonary immunity: Alternatively activated alveolar macrophages and modulation of responses to allergen challenge -- Full text (Thesis)
See also
- 2020 Oct 20 Host Immunity and Inflammation to Pulmonary Helminth Infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus -- Full text | PDF
Tissue protection and repair[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 11 Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via macrophage migrasome-derived miR-26b-5p targeting the PTEN/AKT axis -- Full text | Full text
- 2025 Jun 19 Rapid group-2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization from the intestine aids in early lung defense and repair -- Full text
- 2025 Jun 12 A type 1 immune-stromal cell network mediates disease tolerance against intestinal infection -- Full text
- 2025 May 8 Macrophage-Derived Relmα Promotes Lung Tissue Repair Following Helminth Infection In a Murine Model (Capstone Project)
- 2024 Nov 8 Liver Fluke-Derived Molecules Accelerate Skin Repair Processes in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Oct 17 Monocytes/Macrophages in Helminth Infections: Key Players in Host Defence, Inflammation, and Tissue Repair (Book chapter about "Monocytes and Macrophages in Development, Regeneration, and Disease")
- 2024 Aug 23 Helminth protein enhances wound healing by inhibiting fibrosis and promoting tissue regeneration -- Full text | PDF (Also reported by Advanced Science News. [1])
- 2024 Apr Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Its Helminth-Derived Mimic Attenuate the Heart's Inflammatory Response to Ischemic Injury and Reduce Mature Scar Size -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Oct 13 Myeloid- and epithelial-derived RELMα contribute to tissue repair following lung helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Feb 13 Helminth egg derivatives as proregenerative immunotherapies -- Full text | PDF (improved repair and decreased fibrosis).
These immunotherapies have the potential to promote wound healing and inhibit fibrosis across multiple tissues and injury types.
- 2022 Dec 14 Wound healing approach based on excretory-secretory product and lysate of liver flukes -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Oct 21 Resident TH2 cells orchestrate adipose tissue remodeling at a site adjacent to infection -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2021 Nov Regulation of intestinal immunity and tissue repair by enteric glia -- Full text | PDF (Nature)
- 2021 Mar 15 Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve repair through a macrophage-dependent mechanism -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec 2 ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Dec 4 B Cells Produce the Tissue-Protective Protein RELMα during Helminth Infection, which Inhibits IL-17 Expression and Limits Emphysema -- Full text
- 2018 Sep 20 Host–Parasite Interactions Promote Disease Tolerance to Intestinal Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jan 5 S1P-dependent interorgan trafficking of group 2 innate lymphoid cells supports host defense -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2017 Jun 9 Local amplifiers of IL-4Rα-mediated macrophage activation promote repair in lung and liver -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jun 9 Macrophage function in tissue repair and remodeling requires IL-4 or IL-13 with apoptotic cells -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2017 Jan 27 mTORC2 signalling regulates M2 macrophage differentiation in response to helminth infection and adaptive thermogenesis -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Aug 25 Role of Macrophages in the Repair Process during the Tissue Migrating and Resident Helminth Infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Dec 16 IL-9-mediated survival of type 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes damage control in helminth-induced lung inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Aug Type 2 immunity and wound healing: evolutionary refinement of adaptive immunity by helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Jan 24 Host responses in tissue repair and fibrosis -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Jan 15 An essential role for the Th2-type response in limiting tissue damage during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus -- Full text | PDF
See also
Microbiota change[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Dec 31 Infection with gut parasites correlates with gut microbiome diversity across human populations in Africa -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Dec Helminth reshapes host gut microbiota and immunoregulation by deploying an antimicrobial program of innate immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Sep 30 The influence of innate immunity, adaptive immunity and diet on intestinal microbiota following Trichuris muris infection (Preprint)
- 2025 Sep 11 Cross-kingdom dialogs in the gut: Integrating bacterial pathogens, helminths, and microbiota interactions for immune homeostasis -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Aug 29 Whipworm infection remodels the gut microbiome ecosystem and compromises intestinal homeostasis in elderly patients revealed by multi-omics analyses -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Apr 17 Gut Microbiota and Parasite Dynamics in an Amazonian Community Undergoing Urbanization in Colombia (Preprint)
- 2025 Feb 13 Cichlid fishes are promising underutilized models to investigate helminth-host-microbiome interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jan Microbiota dynamics during Ascaris suum larval migration: Implications for host microbial communities in a murine model -- Full text
- 2025 Dynamic interactions between Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, the gut microbiome, and the host immune system (Thesis)
- 2024 Oct 16 Parasites and Microbiota: Dual Interactions and Therapeutic Perspectives -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Oct 15 Gut-microbiome profiles among Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infected Ethiopian children enrolled in the school-based mass deworming program -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Sep 17 Gut microbiota metabolically mediate intestinal helminth infection in zebrafish -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 May 10 Functional characterization of helminth-associated Clostridiales reveals covariates of Treg differentiation -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 May 9 Modulation of the rat intestinal microbiota in the course of Anisakis pegreffii infection
- 2024 May 8 Worming into infancy: Exploring helminth-microbiome interactions in early life -- Full text
- 2024 Feb 11 Parasitosis by Fasciola hepatica and Variations in Gut Microbiota in School-Aged Children from Peru
- 2023 Aug 16 The gut microbiota contributes to changes in the host immune response induced by Trichinella spiralis
- 2023 Aug Microbiota and parasite relationship
- 2023 Jun 24 Interaction between tissue-dwelling helminth and the gut microbiota drives mucosal immunoregulation -- Full text
- 2023 Apr 12 Networking between helminths, microbes, and mammals -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Apr Impact of helminth-microbiome interactions on childhood health and development-A clinical perspective -- Full text
- 2023 Jan 25 Species interactions, stability, and resilience of the gut microbiota - Helminth assemblage in horses -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Dec 7 Gut microbiome of helminth-infected indigenous Malaysians is context dependent -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Nov 29 Clostridia isolated from helminth-colonized humans promote the life cycle of Trichuris species -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Nov 1 Helminths and Bacterial Microbiota: The Interactions of Two of Humans’ “Old Friends” -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jun Microbial regulation of intestinal motility provides resistance against helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 May 5 Unbalanced relationships: insights into the interaction between gut microbiota, geohelminths, and schistosomiasis -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Feb 22 Increasing helminth infection burden depauperates the diversity of the gut microbiota and alters its composition in mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Dec 21 Helminth-Induced Human Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Reveals Insights into Altered Taxon Diversity and Microbial Gradient Collapse -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Nov 8 Evidence of MHC class I and II influencing viral and helminth infection via the microbiome in a non-human primate -- Full text | PDF
- ✅ 2021 Nov 5 Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2021 Oct 20 Parasite-Derived Excretory-Secretory Products Alleviate Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Improve Cognitive Impairment Induced by a High-Fat Diet -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Aug 25 Exposure to Parasitic Protists and Helminths Changes the Intestinal Community Structure of Bacterial Communities in a Cohort of Mother-Child Binomials from a Semirural Setting in Mexico -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jun 2 The interplay between Trichuris and the microbiota -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Mar 11 Whipworm-Associated Intestinal Microbiome Members Consistent Across Both Human and Mouse Hosts
- 2021 Feb 21 Strongyloides stercoralis Infestation in a Child: How a Nematode Can Affect Gut Microbiota
- 2021 Jan 29 Emerging interactions between diet, gastrointestinal helminth infection, and the gut microbiota in livestock -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jan 22 Helminth Interactions with Bacteria in the Host Gut Are Essential for Its Immunomodulatory Effect
- 2020 Dec 17 Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microbiota Interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 18 Helminth Regulation of the Colonic Microbiome: Implications for the Control of Colitis (Thesis)
- 2020 Nov 18 Baseline Gut Microbiota Composition Is Associated With Schistosoma mansoni Infection Burden in Rodent Models
- 2020 Nov 9 Dynamics of the bacterial gut microbiota during controlled human infection with Necator americanus larvae -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sep Preconception helminth infection alters offspring microbiota and immune subsets in a mouse model -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Jul 3 Helminth-induced and Th2-dependent Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Attenuate Obesity Caused by High Fat Diet -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May 25 Lifestyle and the presence of helminths is associated with gut microbiome composition in Cameroonians -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May 3 Worm expulsion is independent of alterations in composition of the colonic bacteria that occur during experimental Hymenolepis diminuta-infection in mice -- Full text
- 2020 May The gut microbiota response to helminth infection depends on host sex and genotype -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Mar 28 Beyond Just Bacteria: Functional Biomes in the Gut Ecosystem Including Virome, Mycobiome, Archaeome and Helminths -- Full text
- 2020 Apr 19 Impact of intestinal parasites on microbiota and cobalamin gene sequences: a pilot study
- 2020 Feb 20 Whipworm Infection Promotes Bacterial Invasion, Intestinal Microbiota Imbalance, and Cellular Immunomodulation -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Feb 3 MICHELINdb: a web-based tool for mining of helminth-microbiota interaction datasets, and a meta-analysis of current research -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec 16 Linking the effects of helminth infection, diet and the gut microbiota with human whole-blood signatures -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Jul 23 Schistosoma mansoni Worm Infection Regulates the Intestinal Microbiota and Susceptibility to Colitis
- 2019 Jun Exploring the impact of gastrointestinal parasitic helminths on the human microbiome using advanced biomolecular and bioinformatics technologies (Thesis)
- 2019 Jun Interactions between Parasitic Infections and the Human Gut Microbiome in Odisha, India -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Mar 29 Progress of research on the interplay between helminth and intestinal protozoa and gut microbiota (Chinese)
- 2019 Helminths and intestinal microbiota interaction: role in the development of noncommunicable diseases -- PDF (Russian)
- 2018 Oct 8 Parasitic Nematodes Exert Antimicrobial Activity and Benefit From Microbiota-Driven Support for Host Immune Regulation -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Aug Classic Models for New Perspectives: Delving into Helminth-Microbiota-Immune System Interactions
- 2018 May 14 Parasite-Microbiota Interactions With the Vertebrate Gut: Synthesis Through an Ecological Lens
- 2018 Mar 14 Manipulation of host and parasite microbiotas: Survival strategies during chronic nematode infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Mar Parasite-microbiota interactions potentially affect intestinal communities in wild mammals -- Full text
- 2018 Feb 28 Differential human gut microbiome assemblages during soil-transmitted helminth infections in Indonesia and Liberia -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Sep 25 Impact of Enterobius vermicularis infection and mebendazole treatment on intestinal microbiota and host immune response -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Sep 11 Infections by human gastrointestinal helminths are associated with changes in faecal microbiota diversity and composition -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Aug This Gut Ain't Big Enough for Both of Us. Or Is It? Helminth-Microbiota Interactions in Veterinary Species -- PDF
- 2017 Apr 27 Reciprocal Interactions between Nematodes and Their Microbial Environments -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Aug Macrobiota - helminths as active participants and partners of the microbiota in host intestinal homeostasis -- Full text | PDF
- ✅ 2016 Apr 14 Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity -- Full text | PDF(Science) (Also see this explanatory video: Worm infection counters intestinal inflammation by changing gut microbiome.)
- 2015 Nov 1 Cohabitation in the Intestine: Interactions among Helminth Parasites, Bacterial Microbiota, and Host Immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Nov Can Helminth Infection Reverse Microbial Dysbiosis? -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Oct 27 The Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Ability of Helminths to Modulate Allergic Inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Sep 17 Type 2 immunity-dependent reduction of segmented filamentous bacteria in mice infected with the helminthic parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Aug 19 Interactions between multiple helminths and the gut microbiota in wild rodents -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Jul 6 Suppression of inflammation by helminths: a role for the gut microbiota? -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 May 5 Chronic Trichuris muris Infection Decreases Diversity of the Intestinal Microbiota and Concomitantly Increases the Abundance of Lactobacilli -- Full text
- 2015 May 4 Chronic Trichuris muris Infection in C57BL/6 Mice Causes Significant Changes in Host Microbiota and Metabolome: Effects Reversed by Pathogen Clearance -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Alteration of the rat cecal microbiome during colonization with the helminth Hymenolepis diminuta -- Full text | PDF (HDC)
- 2014 May 22 Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Oct 4 Patent human infections with the whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, are not associated with alterations in the faecal microbiota -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Sep 10 Small intestinal nematode infection of mice is associated with increased enterobacterial loads alongside the intestinal tract -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Nov Alteration of the murine gut microbiota during infection with the parasitic helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus -- Full text | PDF
See also Helminths and the gut microbiota for more papers.
See also
Intestinal barrier function[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Apr Modulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by chronic small intestinal helminth infections -- Full text
- 2023 Nov Helminths' therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Aug 27 Regulation and function of adiponectin in the intestinal epithelial cells in response to Trichinella spiralis infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Sep 5 Helminth-induced reprogramming of the stem cell compartment inhibits type 2 immunity -- Full text | PDF (Comment: Helminths revive to survive)
- 2017 Jan 2 Helminths and intestinal barrier function -- Full text | PDF
See also (not directly related)
- 2025 From laboratory to industrial application: an comprehensive evaluation of antihyperglycemic function and consumption safety of Akkermansia muciniphila -- PDF
Effect on lipid metabolism[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jun 12 Intestinal lymphatic vasculature is functionally adapted to different drainage regions and is altered by helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- Collectively, these observations demonstrate that helminth infections alter the structure of duodenal lacteals and compromise duodenal lymphatic lipid uptake, leading to lipid accumulation in epithelial cells and, under high fat diet conditions, decreased weight gain.
- 2025 Intestinal helminth Schyzocotyle acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 infection ameliorate lipid metabolism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through immune and gut microbiota regulation (May not be not relevant to therapeutic helminths.)
- 2020 Jul 3 Helminth-induced and Th2-dependent Alterations of the Gut Microbiota Attenuate Obesity Caused by High Fat Diet -- Full text | PDF
Brain and neuronal impact[edit | edit source]
Positive effect
- 2025 Nov 11 Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via macrophage migrasome-derived miR-26b-5p targeting the PTEN/AKT axis -- Full text | Full text
- 2025 Jun 3 An experimental study of the dual modulation of the colchicine-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and the soluble product of Dipylidium caninum adult worm -- Full text -- PDF
- 2024 Jun Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, enhances long-term potentiation and spatial memory and improves resistance to direct infection in mouse offspring -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2024 May 10 Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring -- Full text | [2]
- 2023 Nov Type 2 immunity in the brain and brain borders -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Sep 12 Modulation of LPS-Induced Neurodegeneration by Intestinal Helminth Infection in Ageing Mice -- Full Text | PDF
- 2022 Sept 7 Monocytes maintain central nervous system homeostasis following helminth-induced inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Aug 24 Trichinella Infection Ameliorated Vincristine-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jun 13 Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection enhances spatial memory of uninfected juvenile mouse pups -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Mar 14 Infection with intestinal helminth (Hymenolepis diminuta) impacts exploratory behavior and cognitive processes in rats by changing the central level of neurotransmitters -- Full text
- 2021 Oct 20 Parasite-Derived Excretory-Secretory Products Alleviate Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Improve Cognitive Impairment Induced by a High-Fat Diet -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Sep 29 APOE4 is associated with elevated blood lipids and lower levels of innate immune biomarkers in a tropical Amerindian subsistence population -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Mar 15 Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve repair through a macrophage-dependent mechanism -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jan Upregulated Th2/treg brain gene expression in pups of nematode-infected mice associated with enhanced expression of leukocyte trans-endothelial cell migration across the blood brain barrier -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2020 Oct 5 IL-4R alpha deficiency influences hippocampal-BDNF signaling pathway to impair reference memory -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sept Maternal nematode infection alters neonatal brain gene expression and maternal and neonatal microbiomes -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2017 Apr Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden -- Full text
- 2016 Jan Got Worms? Perinatal Exposure to Helminths Prevents Persistent Immune Sensitization and Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Early-Life Infection (Also see The “Old Friends” hypothesis: Reopening a can of worms.)
- 2012 Jan Neuroprotective potential beyond immunoregulation of helminth infection as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis -- Full text
See also
- 2025 Nov 3 Brain-infiltrating ILC2s boost poststroke angiogenic initiation through α-CGRP production
- 2024 Mar Group 2 innate lymphoid cells suppress neuroinflammation and brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Apr FOXP3+ macrophage represses acute ischemic stroke-induced neural inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Jan 13 Cyclic AMP is a key regulator of M1 to M2a phenotypic conversion of microglia in the presence of Th2 cytokines -- Full text | PDF
- 2005 Feb APOE4 protects the cognitive development in children with heavy diarrhea burdens in Northeast Brazil
The potential negative effects of some helminth species may be dose dependent.
- 2019 Dec Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis in mice
- 2019 May 27 Cognitive and Microbiome Impacts of Experimental Ancylostoma ceylanicum Hookworm Infections in Hamsters -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Sep 22 Chronic Helminth Infection Perturbs the Gut-Brain Axis, Promotes Neuropathology, and Alters Behavior -- Full text (Dose dependent: 30 Trichuris Muris = chronic gut inflammation = bad for brain, while 6 have no impact)
- 2018 Feb 13 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection leads to impaired reference memory and myeloid cell interference -- Full text
- 2018 Jan Differential expression of genes in fetal brain as a consequence of maternal protein deficiency and nematode infection -- Full text
- 1995 Jun Reduced spatial learning in mice infected with the nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus
Heart protection[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 3 Echinococcus granulosus antigen B ameliorates myocardial infarction through promoting M2 macrophage polarization -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jun 5 PD-1-dependent therapeutic effect of Trichinella spiralis cystatin on myocardial infarction in a mice model -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Apr Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Its Helminth-Derived Mimic Attenuate the Heart's Inflammatory Response to Ischemic Injury and Reduce Mature Scar Size -- Full text | PDF
Metabolic homeostasis[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Sep 15 Interplay of obesity and parasitic infection: current evidence of immunogenesis, tumorigenesis and leptin receptor involvement -- Full text
- ⚡ 2024 May Regulation of host metabolic health by parasitic helminths -- PDF
- 2022 May 2 Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jan Enteric parasites can disturb leptin and adiponectin levels in children -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Apr 11 IGF1 Shapes Macrophage Activation in Response to Immunometabolic Challenge -- Full text | [3]
- 2017 Jan 9 Parasite excretory-secretory products and their effects on metabolic syndrome -- PDF
- 2016 Feb The helminth T2 RNase ω1 promotes metabolic homeostasis in an IL-33- and group 2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent mechanism -- Full text
- 2015 May 16 A worm of one's own: how helminths modulate host adipose tissue function and metabolism -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Jan 15 Activated type 2 innate lymphoid cells regulate beige fat biogenesis -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Nov Protective effect of chronic helminth infection against diet-induced obesity
See also
- 2024 Feb 12 Orchestration of the Adipose Tissue Immune Landscape by Adipocytes -- Full text
- 2020 Aug EoTHINophils: Eosinophils as key players in adipose tissue homeostasis
White Adipose Tissues (WAT) impact[edit | edit source]
- 2024 May Regulation of host metabolic health by parasitic helminths -- PDF
- 2015 May 16 A worm of one's own: how helminths modulate host adipose tissue function and metabolism -- Full text | PDF
See also
- 2024 Jan 3 The regulatory role of eosinophils in adipose tissue depends on autophagy -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Aug 2 Peripheral Administration of NMU Promotes White Adipose Tissue Beiging and Improves Glucose Tolerance -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Sep 5 The FGF21-CCL11 Axis Mediates Beiging of White Adipose Tissues by Coupling Sympathetic Nervous System to Type 2 Immunity -- Full text
- 2015 Mar 12 Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote beiging of white adipose tissue and limit obesity (Nature)
Immunomodulation[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 25 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus activate different immunomodulatory pathways in murine macrophages in vitro (Preprint)
- 2025 Nov 25 Immune Responses to Filarial Nematodes: A Mechanistic Evaluation of Evasion and Modulation Strategies
- 2025 Innate Immune Response to Helminth Infections -- (Google book) (Book chapter of Innate Immunity: Pattern Recognition and Effector Mechanisms)
- 2024 Oct 7 Effect of Moniezia Benedeni infection on ileal transcriptome profile characteristics of sheep -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Aug 3 Regulation of immune response against third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae by human genes
- 2023 Jan 23 The Immune Response to Nematode Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Aug 31 Food for thought - ILC metabolism in the context of helminth infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jun Trained immunity in type 2 immune responses -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 May 16 Trichinella-induced immunomodulation: Another tale of helminth success -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Apr 28 Moniezia benedeni Infection Restrain IgA+, IgG+, and IgM+ Cells Residence in Sheep (Ovis aries) Small Intestine -- Full text | Full text
- 2021 Feb 27 Overview of Immunological Responses and Immunomodulation Properties of Trichuris sp.: Prospects for Better Understanding Human Trichuriasis -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Dec 21 The Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer Development by Type 2 Immune Responses
- 2020 Sep 17 Immunomodulation and Immune Escape Strategies of Gastrointestinal Helminths and Schistosomes -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec 13 Immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata in treatment of experimental DSS-induced colitis in mouse model
- 2019 Apr 15 Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infection Decreases Smad7 Expression in Intestinal CD4+ T Cells, Which Allows TGF-β to Induce IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells That Block Colitis -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Jan Immunomodulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens on macrophages
- 2018 Oct First Responders: Innate Immunity to Helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Aug 17 Selected Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Parasite⁻Host System Hymenolepis diminuta⁻Rattus norvegicus (HDC)
- 2018 Jul 2 Macrophage Activation and Functions during Helminth Infection: Recent Advances from the Laboratory Mouse -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Feb 12 Infective Larvae of Brugia malayi Induce Polarization of Host Macrophages that Helps in Immune Evasion
- 2017 Dec 19 Recent Advances in Type-2-Cell-Mediated Immunity: Insights from Helminth Infection -- Full text
- 2017 Apr 21 Differences in the Importance of Mast Cells, Basophils, IgE, and IgG versus That of CD4+ T Cells and ILC2 Cells in Primary and Secondary Immunity to Strongyloides venezuelensis -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Sep 14 Parasitic Nematode Immunomodulatory Strategies: Recent Advances and Perspectives -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Sep 4 Zoonotic intestinal helminths interact with the canine immune system by modulating T cell responses and preventing dendritic cell maturation -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Costs and benefits of inflammation in host-parasite relationships (Thesis, French)
- 2015 Jun Looking beyond the induction of Th2 responses to explain immunomodulation by helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Jan 1 Helminth infection alters IgE responses to allergens structurally related to parasite proteins -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Mar 25 Parasitic antigens alter macrophage polarization during Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice
- 2013 May Parasitic infections and immune function: effect of helminth infections in a malaria endemic area -- Full text
- 2013 Apr 18 Immune regulation during helminth infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov Anti-FcεR1 antibody injections activate basophils and mast cells and delay Type 1 diabetes onset in NOD mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Jul Chronic intestinal helminth infections are associated with immune hyporesponsiveness and induction of a regulatory network -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Apr 22 Immunomodulatory parasites and toll-like receptor-mediated tumour necrosis factor alpha responsiveness in wild mammals -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Nov-Dec Human schistosomiasis mansoni: immune responses during acute and chronic phases of the infection
- 2008 Sep On the hunt for helminths: innate immune cells in the recognition and response to helminth parasites -- Full text | PDF
- 2007 Dec Mapping immune response profiles: the emerging scenario from helminth immunology -- Full text
- 2006 Aug Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes modulate cellular cytokine and chemokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in alveolar echinococcosis patients -- Full text | PDF
- 2005 May Immune modulation by a high molecular weight fraction from the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta
- 2001 Oct Immune responses in hookworm infections -- Full text | PDF
See also
- 2021 Feb A fresh look at the T helper subset dogma -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Feb Early Events Triggering the Initiation of a Type 2 Immune Response -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Oct Heterogeneity in the initiation, development and function of type 2 immunity -- Full text | PDF
"Trichuris muris, depending on the infectious dose, can generate either chronic persistent infections, characterized by a Th1 response and the production of the cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ (low dose infection with ∼25 eggs), or acute infections cleared by a strong Th2 response with the production of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-9, and IL-13 in response to high amounts of eggs (∼150 eggs)."[4],[5]
Maternal Protection[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Oct 22 The rebalancing of the immune system at the maternal-fetal interface ameliorates autism-like behavior in adult offspring -- Full text
- 2024 Jun Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, enhances long-term potentiation and spatial memory and improves resistance to direct infection in mouse offspring -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2024 Jun Gastrointestinal nematode infection during pregnancy and lactation enhances spatial reference memory and reduces indicators of anxiety-like behaviour in uninfected adult female mouse offspring -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 May 10 Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring -- Full text | [6]
- 2021 Jan Upregulated Th2/treg brain gene expression in pups of nematode-infected mice associated with enhanced expression of leukocyte trans-endothelial cell migration across the blood brain barrier -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2022 Jun 13 Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection enhances spatial memory of uninfected juvenile mouse pups -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sep Maternal nematode infection alters neonatal brain gene expression and maternal and neonatal microbiomes -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2020 Sep Preconception helminth infection alters offspring microbiota and immune subsets in a mouse model -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 May 29 Pre-conception maternal helminth infection transfers via nursing long-lasting cellular immunity against helminths to offspring -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Aug Microbiome, autoimmunity, allergy, and helminth infection: The importance of the pregnancy period
- 2017 Mar 8 Chronic schistosomiasis during pregnancy epigenetically reprograms T cell differentiation in offspring of infected mothers (Allergy)
- 2016 Jan Got Worms? Perinatal Exposure to Helminths Prevents Persistent Immune Sensitization and Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Early-Life Infection (Also see The “Old Friends” hypothesis: Reopening a can of worms.)
- 2023 Jun The influence of maternal Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection on immunity in offspring -- PDF (Master thesis)
See also
- 2024 Oct 15 Maternal Helminth Infection Causes Dysfunctional B Cell Development in Male Offspring -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 May 16 Impaired Intrauterine Growth in the Context of Maternal Hookworm Infection During Gestation -- Full text | PDF
Effects on specific pathways[edit | edit source]
Epithelial cell and mucus barrier[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Nov Helminths' therapeutic potential to treat intestinal barrier dysfunction -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jul Parasitic helminths induce fetal-like reversion in the intestinal stem cell niche -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Jun 18 Differential alterations in the small intestine epithelial cell turnover during acute and chronic infection with Echinostoma caproni -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Mar 29 Requirement for core 2 O-glycans for optimal resistance to helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Oct 11 Serine protease(s) secreted by the nematode Trichuris muris degrade the mucus barrier -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Jun Duodenal helminth infection alters barrier function of the colonic epithelium via adaptive immune activation -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 May 9 Muc5ac: a critical component mediating the rejection of enteric nematodes -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 May Enteric Nematodes Regulates Host Proteolytic Pathway on Immune Cells: Influence on Host Immune Response -- PDF
- 2005 Jun 3 Accelerated intestinal epithelial cell turnover: a new mechanism of parasite expulsion -- Full text
Tuft cell[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Oct 22 Tissue Adaptations of the Small Intestine During Helminth Infection (Thesis)
- 2025 Oct Immunoepithelial Crosstalk in Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Tuft Cells: A Review
- 2025 Sep 12 Protective or pathogenic? Tuft cells shape divergent immune outcomes in helminth and viral infections
- 2025 Sep 2 The role of the tuft cell–interleukin-25 axis in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
- 2025 Jun 20 Excretory/secretory products from Hymenolepis nana adult worms alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice via tuft/IL-13 signaling pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Apr 21 Metabolomic and functional analyses of small molecules secreted by intestinal nematodes in the activation of epithelial tuft cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Apr Tuft cell IL-17RB restrains IL-25 bioavailability and reveals context-dependent ILC2 hypoproliferation -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Mar 11 Adult Hymenolepis nana and its excretory-secretory products elicit mouse immune responses via tuft/IL-13 and FOXM1 signaling pathways -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Sept 26 Tuft cells in the intestine, immunity and beyond -- Full text
- 2024 Jul 31 Enteric tuft cells coordinate timely expulsion of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta from the murine host by coordinating local but not systemic immunity
- 2024 Jun 11 Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine promotes epithelial chloride secretion and intestinal helminth clearance
- 2024 Jan 11 Tuft cell acetylcholine is released into the gut lumen to promote anti-helminth immunity -- Full text
- 2023 Dec Intestinal tuft cells: Sentinels, what else? -- Full text
- 2023 Oct 18 Tuft Cells: Detectors, Amplifiers, Effectors and Targets in Parasite Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Mar 22 Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine regulates epithelial fluid secretion -- Full text | PDF (preprint)
- 2023 Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine regulates epithelial fluid secretion and helminth clearance (Thesis)
- 2022 Sept 3 Sirtuin 6 maintains epithelial STAT6 activity to support intestinal tuft cell development and type 2 immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jun The IL-25-dependent tuft cell circuit driven by intestinal helminths requires macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Apr 12 Epithelial STAT6 O-GlcNAcylation drives a concerted anti-helminth alarmin response dependent on tuft cell hyperplasia and Gasdermin C -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Feb 14 Tuft Cells and Their Role in Intestinal Diseases -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Differentiation and activation of tuft cells tunes type 2 immunity in the small intestine (thesis)
- 2022 Jan 3 Intestinal epithelial tuft cell induction is negated by a murine helminth and its secreted products -- Full text -- PDF
- 2021 Sep 6 PGD2 and CRTH2 counteract Type 2 cytokine-elicited intestinal epithelial responses during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 feb Tuning tuft cells: new ligands and effector functions reveal tissue-specific function -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Jul 30 Helminth Sensing at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier-A Taste of Things to Come -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Mar 17 Tuft-Cell-Derived Leukotrienes Drive Rapid Anti-helminth Immunity in the Small Intestine but Are Dispensable for Anti-protist Immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Apr Intestinal epithelial O-GlcNAc signaling is indispensable for anti-helminth type 2 immunity
- 2018 Jul 17 Getting a Taste for Parasites in the Gut -- Full text
- 2018 Jul 17 Detection of Succinate by Intestinal Tuft Cells Triggers a Type 2 Innate Immune Circuit -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jul 12 A Metabolite-Triggered Tuft Cell-ILC2 Circuit Drives Small Intestinal Remodeling -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 May 22 Activation of intestinal tuft cell-expressed Sucnr1 triggers type 2 immunity in the mouse small intestine -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Mar 18 Tuft cells, taste-chemosensory cells, orchestrate parasite type 2 immunity in the gut -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2016 Jan 14 Intestinal epithelial tuft cells initiate type 2 mucosal immunity to helminth parasites -- Full text | PDF (Nature)
See also
- 2025 Nov 14 Pan-cancer analysis and mechanistic insights of tuft cell-like tumors
- 2025 Mar Acute tuft cell ablation in mice induces malabsorption and alterations in secretory and immune cell lineages in the small intestine -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Feb Loss of intestinal epithelial Ptpn2 selectively impairs goblet cell differentiation during type I immunity response
- 2022 Feb 14 Tuft Cells and Their Role in Intestinal Diseases -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Feb Tuft cells in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma -- Full text | PDF
STAT6[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Jul The Secretome of Adult Murine Hookworms Is Shaped by Host Expression of STAT6 -- Full text -- PDF
- 2024 Hookworms dynamically respond to loss of Type 2 immune pressure (Thesis)
- 2023 Dec 11 Hookworms dynamically respond to loss of Type 2 immune pressure -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Feb Helminth-induced regulation of T-cell transfer colitis requires intact and regulated T cell Stat6 signaling in mice -- Full text
- 2020 Mar 2 The role of STAT6-regulated gene expression in macrophages and epithelial cells in the context of helminth infections (Thesis)
- 2019 Apr Intestinal epithelial O-GlcNAc signaling is indispensable for anti-helminth type 2 immunity
- 2019 Jan STAT6 and IL-10 are required for the anti-arthritic effects of Schistosoma mansoni via different mechanisms
- 2018 Sep 8 STAT6 & IL-10 are required for the anti-arthritic effects of Schistosoma mansoni via different mechanisms
- 2017 Jun Dual genetic absence of STAT6 and IL-10 does not abrogate anti-hyperglycemic effects of Schistosoma mansoni in streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice -- Full text
- 2010 Dec 28 IL-4/STAT6 immune axis regulates peripheral nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Aug The roles of eotaxin and the STAT6 signalling pathway in eosinophil recruitment and host resistance to the nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides bakeri -- PDF
- 2003 Feb STAT-6 is an absolute requirement for murine rejection of Hymenolepis diminuta
- 1998 Feb IL-13, IL-4Ralpha, and Stat6 are required for the expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis -- Full text
Monocytes and macrophages[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jul 8 Ascaris Lumbricoides Cystatin Impairs IL-1β Maturation and CD14 Expression in Human Monocytes -- Full text
- 2024 Aug Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice -- Full text
- 2017 Apr 8 Regulatory monocytes in helminth infections: insights from the modulation during human hookworm infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Feb 20 New Data on Human Macrophages Polarization by Hymenolepis diminuta Tapeworm-An In Vitro Study -- Full text | PDF
Alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) / M2 macrophages[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Apr 11 Metabolism in type 2 immune responses -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Sep Exploring the role of macrophages in determining the pathogenesis of liver fluke infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Aug 19 Role of alternative activation of macrophages in hookworm therapy for inflammatory diseases: a review -- Full text (Chinese)
- 2021 Mar 1 The Anti-Inflammatory Immune Response in Early Trichinella spiralis Intestinal Infection Depends on Serine Protease Inhibitor-Mediated Alternative Activation of Macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sep 25 Trichinella spiralis Thioredoxin Peroxidase 2 Regulates Protective Th2 Immune Response in Mice by Directly Inducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Aug 15 Alternative Activation of Macrophages Is Accompanied by Chromatin Remodeling Associated with Lineage-Dependent DNA Shape Features Flanking PU.1 Motifs -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Mar 2 The role of STAT6-regulated gene expression in macrophages and epithelial cells in the context of helminth infections (Thesis)
- 2019 Nov 14 Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) promotes the alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Feb 20 New Data on Human Macrophages Polarization by Hymenolepis diminuta Tapeworm-An In Vitro Study
- 2017 Jan 27 mTORC2 signalling regulates M2 macrophage differentiation in response to helminth infection and adaptive thermogenesis -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jan 17 Helminth-induced Ly6Chi monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis -- Full text | PDF (Multiple sclerosis)
- 2016 Aug 25 Role of Macrophages in the Repair Process during the Tissue Migrating and Resident Helminth Infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Aug 1 Coinfection. Virus-helminth coinfection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immunomodulation -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Nov 14 Antibodies trap tissue migrating helminth larvae and prevent tissue damage by driving IL-4Rα-independent alternative differentiation of macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Mar 11 Innate lymphoid type 2 cells sustain visceral adipose tissue eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Feb 22 The Essential Role of Selenoproteins on Macrophage phenotype switching in Helminth clearance -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2012 Dec 27 Alternatively activated macrophages in types 1 and 2 diabetes -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Apr 8 Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2010 Sep-Oct Genes associated with alternatively activated macrophages discretely regulate helminth infection and pathogenesis in experimental mouse models -- Full text
- 2010 Apr In vitro-derived alternatively activated macrophages reduce colonic inflammation in mice (Colitis) (HDC)
- 2009 Mar Alternatively activated macrophages elicited by helminth infection can be reprogrammed to enable microbial killing -- PDF
- 2008 Nov Helminth 2-Cys peroxiredoxin drives Th2 responses through a mechanism involving alternatively activated macrophages -- Full text
- 2008 Oct Hookworm infection permanently alters the pulmonary environment of its host: Understanding the induction of the alternatively activated macrophage (Thesis)
- 2008 Feb Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection leads to the development of emphysema associated with the induction of alternatively activated macrophages -- Full text
- 2007 Feb Helminth-induced changes in pulmonary immunity: Alternatively activated alveolar macrophages and modulation of responses to allergen challenge -- Full text (Thesis)
- 2006 Sep Innate immune responses to lung-stage helminth infection induce alternatively activated alveolar macrophages -- Full text | PDF
See also
- 2018 Autophagy dictates metabolism and differentiation of inflammatory immune cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Jun 28 MicroRNAs in the regulation of alternatively activated macrophages (Thesis)
- 2014 May 15 Alternatively activated macrophages derived from monocytes and tissue macrophages are phenotypically and functionally distinct -- Full text
- 2011 Oct 10 Macrophage-mediated inflammation in metabolic disease -- Full text | PDF (review)
Eosinophils[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Mar 13 Immunomodulation in chronic Loiasis—Eosinophils, Basophils and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Loa loa Infection and its Treatment in an Endemic Setting (Thesis)
- 2024 Sep 9 Characterisation of eosinophil heterogeneity in models of murine and human helminth infection (Thesis)
- 2024 Sep Helminth infection induces a distinct subset of CD101hi lung tissue-infiltrating eosinophils that are differentially regulated by type 2 cytokines -- Full text
- 2024 Aug 27 Stromal cell and B cell dialogue potentiates IL-33-enriched lymphoid niches to support eosinophil recruitment and function during type 2 immunity -- Full text
- 2024 May 21 Eosinophils, basophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic Loa loa infection and its treatment in an endemic setting -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Feb 5 TRPV1 Channel in Human Eosinophils: Functional Expression and Inflammatory Modulation -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jun Eosinophils and helminth infection: protective or pathogenic?
- 2021 Jun Intestinal eosinophils: multifaceted roles in tissue homeostasis and disease
- 2019 Aug 5 Allergen presensitization drives an eosinophil-dependent arrest in lung-specific helminth development -- Full text
- 2018 Oct 16 CXCR6+ST2+ memory T helper 2 cells induced the expression of major basic protein in eosinophils to reduce the fecundity of helminth -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jan Pre-stimulation of Bone-marrow Derived Eosinophils with CCL24 Alters Responses to TLR Ligands and Helminth Extracts -- PDF
- 2017 Oct Helminth antigens counteract a rapid high-fat diet-induced decrease in adipose tissue eosinophils -- Full text
- 2017 May Eosinophils are required to suppress Th2 responses in Peyer's patches during intestinal infection by nematodes -- Full text
- 2016 Nov 29 Eosinophils in Homeostasis and Their Contrasting Roles during Inflammation and Helminth Infections
- 2016 Oct Eosinophils in Helminth Infection: Defenders and Dupes -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Eosinophils in Cancer: Favourable or Unfavourable? -- Full text
- 2016 The role of eosinophils in regulation of T- and B-cell responses during enteric nematode infection (Thesis)
- 2014 Jun 30 Leukotriene B4 amplifies eosinophil accumulation in response to nematodes -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 May Administration of anti-FcER1 antibody injections daily for 10 consecutive days delays type 1 diabetes onset in NOD mice
- 2010 Nov 11 Eosinophils in the zebrafish: prospective isolation, characterization, and eosinophilia induction by helminth determinants -- Full text
- 2009 Oct 26 Eosinophil-Mediated Tissue Inflammatory Responses in Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Mar 24 Necator americanus infection: a possible cause of altered dendritic cell differentiation and eosinophil profile in chronically infected individuals -- Full text | PDF (NA)
- 2008 Oct Eosinophils and Trichinella infection: toxic for the parasite and the host? -- PDF
- 2008 Jun Eosinophilia during intestinal infection
- 2005 Aug 15 Production of eosinophil chemoattractant activity by ovine gastrointestinal nematodes
- 2000 May The role of eosinophils in parasitic helminth infections: insights from genetically modified mice
- 2000 Mar Do eosinophils have a role in the killing of helminth parasites?
See also
- 2025 Sep 17 Unique Immune Polarization of the Lung Allograft: Implications for Organ-specific Immunoregulation and Tolerance Induction
- 2025 Feb Local inflammation imprints an unrestrained tissue-adapted phenotype on intestinal eosinophils
- 2024 Aug 1 Eosinophil extracellular vesicles and DNA traps in allergic inflammation -- Full text
- 2024 Jul 25 Eosinophil biology from the standpoint of metabolism: implications for metabolic disorders and asthma -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jan 3 The regulatory role of eosinophils in adipose tissue depends on autophagy -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Sep Eosinophil–lymphocyte interactions in the tumor microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Aug EoTHINophils: Eosinophils as key players in adipose tissue homeostasis
- 2020 Jul Unraveling the connection between eosinophils and obesity -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Nov 13 Eosinophils: The unsung heroes in cancer? -- Full text | PDF
Basophils[edit | edit source]
- 2025 May 16 Notch-activated basophils support intestinal CD4+ T cell fate and function during Trichuris muris infection -- Full text
- 2025 Mar 13 Immunomodulation in chronic Loiasis—Eosinophils, Basophils and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Loa loa Infection and its Treatment in an Endemic Setting (Thesis)
- 2025 Notch-Activated Basophils Support Intestinal CD4+ T Cell Fate and Function During Helminth Infection (Thesis)
- 2024 May 21 Eosinophils, basophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic Loa loa infection and its treatment in an endemic setting -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Aug Basophil responses in susceptible AKR mice upon infection with the intestinal helminth parasite Trichuris muris -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Oct Basophils prime group 2 innate lymphoid cells for neuropeptide-mediated inhibition -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Jun 3 The Notch signaling pathway promotes basophil responses during helminth-induced type 2 inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Dec 2 Basophil-mediated protection against gastrointestinal helminths requires IgE-induced cytokine secretion -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Nov 18 Signaling pathways activated by a protease allergen in basophils -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Oct 15 Suppression of basophil histamine release and other IgE-dependent responses in childhood Schistosoma mansoni/hookworm coinfection -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Sep 11 Antibodies and IL-3 support helminth-induced basophil expansion -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Feb 20 Are basophils important mediators for helminth-induced Th2 immune responses? A debate -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov Anti-FcεR1 antibody injections activate basophils and mast cells and delay Type 1 diabetes onset in NOD mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Mar 1 Basophils are the major producers of IL-4 during primary helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Sep 24 Basophils orchestrate chronic allergic dermatitis and protective immunity against helminths -- Full text
- 2006 Basophils, Basophilia and Helminth Infections (Book chapter of Parasites and Allergy)
- 2004 Aug Basophils produce IL-4 and accumulate in tissues after infection with a Th2-inducing parasite -- Full text | PDF
Neutrophils and Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)[edit | edit source]
- 2026 Feb Neutrophils in Toxocara canis infection: Effector functions, immune evasion and crosstalk with type 2 immunity -- Full text
- 2025 Nov Helminth infection favors persistent and proliferating alternatively activated neutrophils in the lung
- 2025 Jul 28 Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by Haemonchus contortus excretory–secretory proteins varies among goats, gerbils, and mice -- Full text
- 2025 May 8 Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) triggered by helminths and protozoan parasites -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Mar 29 Helminth infection favors reprogramming and proliferation of lung neutrophils -- Full text (Preprint)
- 2024 Jul 29 Plancitoxin-1 mediates extracellular trap evasion by the parasitic helminth Trichinella spiralis -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 May 19 NETosis in Parasitic Infections: A Puzzle That Remains Unsolved
- 2023 Oct 20 Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory products from adult worms inhibit NETosis and regulate the production of cytokines from neutrophils
- 2022 Dec Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens selectively inhibit the release of extracellular traps from neutrophils without affecting their additional antimicrobial functions
- 2022 Jun Hookworm infections: Reappraising the evidence for a role of neutrophils in light of NETosis -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jun 16 Helminth derived factors inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammation in bacterial peritonitis -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Mar Lessons in type 2 immunity: Neutrophils in Helminth infections
- 2020 Feb 12 The NET Effect of Neutrophils during Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF (Comment on the previous)
- 2020 Feb 12 Hookworms Evade Host Immunity by Secreting a Deoxyribonuclease to Degrade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps -- Full text
- 2020 Jan Neutrophils rapidly produce Th2 cytokines in response to larval but not adult helminth antigen
- 2019 Oct 31 Intestinal helminth infection enhances bacteria-induced recruitment of neutrophils to the airspace -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Jan 11 The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Oct Regulation of neutrophils in type 2 immune responses
- 2018 Sep 11 A Trypsin-Sensitive Proteoglycan from the Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta Inhibits Murine Neutrophil Chemotaxis in vitro by Suppressing p38 MAP Kinase Activation
- 2014 Oct Neutrophils prime a long-lived effector macrophage phenotype that mediates accelerated helminth expulsion -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Apr Granulocytes in helminth infection -- who is calling the shots? -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Apr Necator americanus: the Na-ASP-2 protein secreted by the infective larvae induces neutrophil recruitment in vivo and in vitro -- Full text
Mast cells[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 4 Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis show minimal role for mast cell ST2 in primary Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection -- PDF (Preprint)
- 2024 Jul 6 Nematode Galectin Inhibits Basophilic Leukaemia RBL-2H3 Cells Apoptosis in IgE-Mediated Activation -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Feb Chronic infection with a tissue invasive helminth attenuates sublethal anaphylaxis and reduces granularity and number of mast cells
- 2019 Feb 15 Role of mast cells in the generation of a T-helper type 2 dominated anti-helminthic immune response -- Full text
- 2018 Nov 30 Mast cell deficiency in mice results in biomass overgrowth and delayed expulsion of the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Feb 13 B1 Cell IgE Impedes Mast Cell-Mediated Enhancement of Parasite Expulsion through B2 IgE Blockade -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Aug 1 TGF-β1 Suppresses IL-33-Induced Mast Cell Function
- 2017 May 16 Mast Cells Are Crucial for Induction of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Clearance of Helminth Infections -- Full text
- 2015 Nov The role of individual protein kinase C isoforms in mouse mast cell function and their targeting by the immunomodulatory parasitic worm product, ES-62
- 2014 Apr Myeloid-derived suppressor cells enhance IgE-mediated mast cell responses -- Full text
- 2014 Feb 6 Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells delay expulsion of intestinal nematodes by suppression of IL-9-driven mast cell activation in BALB/c but not in C57BL/6 mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Feb 7 Mast Cell Subsets and Their Functional Modulation by the Acanthocheilonema viteae Product ES-62
- 2012 Sep-Oct Regulation of type 2 immunity to helminths by mast cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Jul 15 Cutting edge: mast cells critically augment myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Apr 24 Mast cells orchestrate type 2 immunity to helminths through regulation of tissue-derived cytokines -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov Anti-FcεR1 antibody injections activate basophils and mast cells and delay Type 1 diabetes onset in NOD mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Effect of phosphorylcholine-based small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory nematode product ES-62 on mast cell function (Thesis)
- 2007 Nov Worms tame mast cells | PDF
- 2007 Nov Inhibition of FceRI-mediated mast cell responses by ES-62, a product of parasitic filarial nematodes | PDF
See also
- 2024 Apr Anaphylactic degranulation by mast cells requires the mobilization of inflammasome components
- 2020 Feb 22 Beyond IgE: Alternative Mast Cell Activation Across Different Disease States
- 2016 Sep IgE and mast cells in host defense against parasites and venoms -- Full text | PDF
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Oct 25 Specific Immunoglobulin E and Immune Response Regulation With Mechanistic Insights From Allergic Disorders Helminth Infections and Alpha-Gal Syndrome
- 2019 May 24 A new look at IgE beyond allergies -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Feb 13 B1 Cell IgE Impedes Mast Cell-Mediated Enhancement of Parasite Expulsion through B2 IgE Blockade -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Apr Geohelminth infections: a review of the role of IgE and assessment of potential risks of anti-IgE treatment
Dendritic Cells[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Oct 22 Regulation of dendritic cell immune function and maturation by the recombinant antigen p53 of Trichinella spiralis -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Sep 15 Transcriptomic profile of the zoonotic parasite Anisakis pegreffii upon in vitro exposure to human dendritic cells
- 2025 Apr 16 Effects of Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens on expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase on dendritic cells in vitro -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jan 7 Cystatin from the helminth Ascaris lumbricoides upregulates mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways and immunomodulatory genes in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Oct 23 Dominant immune tolerance in the intestinal tract imposed by RelB-dependent migratory dendritic cells regulates protective type 2 immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Apr 29 High-mannose glycans from Schistosoma mansoni eggs are important for priming of Th2 responses via Dectin-2 and prostaglandin E2 -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 May 19 Notch signaling pathway involved in Echinococcus granulosus infection regulates dendritic cell development and differentiation
- 2022 May 26 Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein 1 Modulates T cell Polarization by Promoting Dendritic Cell Thrombospondin-1 Secretion Without Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis in Obese Mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Feb 23 Role of metabolic pathways and sensors in regulation of dendritic cell-driven T cell responses (Thesis)
- 2021 Dec Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein (Fh12) induces apoptosis and tolerogenic properties in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Feb 5 Expansion of T regulatory lymphocytes by murine bone marrow dendritic cells previously stimulated with Anisakis simplex larval antigens
- 2020 Nov 20 DC-SIGN signalling induced by Trichinella spiralis products contributes to the tolerogenic signatures of human dendritic cells
- 2020 Mar Body fluid from the parasitic worm Ascaris suum inhibits broad-acting pro-inflammatory programs in dendritic cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Nov 7 Trichinella spiralis Excretory-Secretory Products Stimulate Host Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through Activating Dendritic Cells
- 2019 Jul 15 Cell-Intrinsic Wnt4 Influences Conventional Dendritic Cell Fate Determination to Suppress Type 2 Immunity -- Full text
- 2019 May Dendritic cells treated by Trichinella spiralis muscle larval excretory/secretory products alleviate TNBS-induced colitis in mice
- 2018 May Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells
- 2018 Nov Helminth Antigen-Conditioned Dendritic Cells Generate Anti-Inflammatory Cd4 T Cells Independent of Antigen Presentation via Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II
- 2018 Aug Human dendritic cell sequestration onto the Necator americanus larval sheath during ex-sheathing: a possible mechanism for immune privilege
- 2018 May Modulation of human dendritic cell activity by Giardia and helminth antigens -- Full text
- 2018 Feb Transcriptional features of Th2 and Th17-priming dendritic cells
- 2018 Jan 4 Ascaris Suum Infection Downregulates Inflammatory Pathways in the Pig Intestine In Vivo and in Human Dendritic Cells In Vitro -- Full text
- 2017 Sep 14 Exosomes Derived from Dendritic Cells Treated with Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis
- 2016 Jan 11 Migratory CD103+ dendritic cells suppress helminth-driven type 2 immunity through constitutive expression of IL-12 -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Dec 31 Glycans from Fasciola hepatica Modulate the Host Immune Response and TLR-Induced Maturation of Dendritic Cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Nov Adoptive transfer of helminth antigen-pulsed dendritic cells protects against the development of experimental colitis in mice -- Full text | PDF (HDC)
- 2015 Aug 13 Impairment of dendritic cell function and induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells by excretory-secretory products: a potential mechanism of immune evasion adopted by Echinococcus granulosus
- 2014 Jan 31 Regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in mouse dendritic cells through treatment with Clonorchis sinensis crude antigen
- 2013 Nov Helminth-excreted/secreted products are recognized by multiple receptors on DCs to block the TLR response and bias Th2 polarization in a cRAF dependent pathway -- Full text
- 2013 Oct 3 Loss of the TGFβ-activating integrin αvβ8 on dendritic cells protects mice from chronic intestinal parasitic infection via control of type 2 immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Mar Trichuris suis-induced modulation of human dendritic cell function is glycan-mediated
- 2012 Nov 15 How helminths use excretory secretory fractions to modulate dendritic cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Oct Type 2 innate immunity in helminth infection is induced redundantly and acts autonomously following CD11c(+) cell depletion -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Sep 1 Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri induces tolerogenic dendritic cells that block colitis and prevent antigen-specific gut T cell responses -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Apr Trichinella spiralis-secreted products modulate DC functionality and expand regulatory T cells in vitro
- 2012 Mar 1 Concurrent bacterial stimulation alters the function of helminth-activated dendritic cells, resulting in IL-17 induction
- 2011 Oct Adoptive transfer of dendritic cells isolated from helminth-infected mice enhanced T regulatory cell responses in airway allergic inflammation
- 2011 Sep The phenotype and function of naturally existing regulatory dendritic cells in nematode-infected mice
- 2011 Sep The impact of Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products on dendritic cells
- 2011 Jun 15 Chronic helminth infection promotes immune regulation in vivo through dominance of CD11cloCD103- dendritic cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Aug 1 Impaired pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increased Th2-biasing ability of dendritic cells exposed to Taenia excreted/secreted antigens: A critical role for carbohydrates but not for STAT6 signaling
- 2010 Jun Helminths and dendritic cells: sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses -- Full text
- 2010 Mar 9 Dendritic cells in the gut: interaction with intestinal helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Feb 24 Modulation of dendritic cell responses by parasites: a common strategy to survive
- 2010 Jan Helminth infection inhibits airway allergic reaction and dendritic cells are involved in the modulation process -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Jun The Fasciola hepatica tegumental antigen suppresses dendritic cell maturation and function -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 May 19 The hookworm tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (Ac-TMP-1) modifies dendritic cell function and induces generation of CD4 and CD8 suppressor T cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Mar 24 Necator americanus infection: a possible cause of altered dendritic cell differentiation and eosinophil profile in chronically infected individuals -- Full text | PDF (NA)
- 2009 Mar 1 Rapid dendritic cell mobilization to the large intestinal epithelium is associated with resistance to Trichuris muris infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Jan Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: mechanisms underlying helminth modulation of dendritic cell function -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Aug 15 Inhibition of TLR3 and TLR4 function and expression in human dendritic cells by helminth parasites -- Full text
- 2007 Jul Impairment of dendritic cell function by excretory-secretory products: a potential mechanism for nematode-induced immunosuppression -- Full text
- 2007 Apr Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens are internalized by human dendritic cells through multiple C-type lectins and suppress TLR-induced dendritic cell activation
- 2004 Nov Selective maturation of dendritic cells by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-secreted proteins drives Th2 immune responses -- Full text
- 2004 Feb 15 Cutting edge: dendritic cells copulsed with microbial and helminth antigens undergo modified maturation, segregate the antigens to distinct intracellular compartments, and concurrently induce microbe-specific Th1 and helminth-specific Th2 responses
See also
- 2026 Jan Dendritic Cells in the Gastrointestinal System: Division of Labor, Plasticity, and Niche-Specific Adaptation -- Full text | PDF
- 2026 Jan Specialized Dendritic Cells Mediating Peripheral Tolerance to Intestinal Antigens -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells by Vitamin D Receptor Agonists (Chapter of Dendritic Cells)
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 12 TSLP links intestinal nutrient sensing with amplification of the ILC2-tuft cell circuit -- Full text
- 2025 Nov 4 Trained ILC2 prevent IL-17-associated lung injury during helminth infection through a serotonin-dependent mechanism -- PDF (Preprint)
- 2025 Nov The E3 Ubiquitin ligase Cul5 limits ILC2 cell responses in the lung following helminth infection
- 2025 Apr Tuft cell IL-17RB restrains IL-25 bioavailability and reveals context-dependent ILC2 hypoproliferation -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jun 19 Rapid group-2 innate lymphoid cell mobilization from the intestine aids in early lung defense and repair -- Full text
- 2025 Jun 12 Gut ILC2s remember IL-25
- 2024 Jul 1 Moniezia benedeni drives the SNAP-25 expression of the enteric nerves in sheep's small intestine -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Feb 28 Crosstalk between ILC2s and Th2 cells varies among mouse models -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Aug 31 Food for thought - ILC metabolism in the context of helminth infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Apr The neuropeptide VIP potentiates intestinal innate type 2 and type 3 immunity in response to feeding -- Full text (also in French here)
- 2021 Jun Investigating immune responses in peritoneal adipose tissues during helminth infection and cancer metastasis -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2021 Mar 5 The ChAT-acetylcholine pathway promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses and anti-helminth immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Dec 7 The role of the C-C type chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8 in migration and effector function of innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s) (Thesis)
- 2020 Oct Basophils prime group 2 innate lymphoid cells for neuropeptide-mediated inhibition -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Feb 2 Regulation and Effector Functions of ILC2s and Their Protective Role During Helminth Infections (Thesis)
- 2019 Dec 2 ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec 2 A CCL1/CCR8-dependent feed-forward mechanism drives ILC2 functions in type 2-mediated inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Oct 15 Neuropeptide CGRP Limits Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses and Constrains Type 2 Inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Apr 10 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Helminth Infections-Obligatory or Accessory? -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Feb ILC2s - resident lymphocytes pre-adapted to a specific tissue or migratory effectors that adapt to where they move? -- Full text
- 2018 Jul 6 Type 2 immunity: Expanding our view
- 2018 Apr 4 Helminth Infections: Recognition and Modulation of the Immune Response by Innate Immune Cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Feb The role of ILC2 in hookworm infection -- Full text
- 2018 Feb Group 2 ILCs: A way of enhancing immune protection against human helminths? -- Full text -- PDF
- 2018 Jan 5 S1P-dependent interorgan trafficking of group 2 innate lymphoid cells supports host defense -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2017 Sep 14 Neuronal regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells via neuromedin U -- Full text | PDF (Nature)
- 2017 Sep 4 ILC2s regulate adaptive Th2 cell functions via PD-L1 checkpoint control -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Sep The role of adipose tissue immune cells in immune responses -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2016 Nov IL-4-producing ILC2s are required for the differentiation of TH2 cells following Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Jun Immune polarization by hookworms: taking cues from T helper type 2, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternatively activated macrophages -- Full text
- 2016 Feb The helminth T2 RNase ω1 promotes metabolic homeostasis in an IL-33- and group 2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent mechanism -- Full text
- 2015 Jul 21 Interleukin-33 and Interferon-γ Counter-Regulate Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Activation during Immune Perturbation -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Group 2 innate lymphoid cells and regulatory T cells: novel sources and targets of interleukin-4 in immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2014 Aug 21 MHCII-mediated dialog between group 2 innate lymphoid cells and CD4+ T cells potentiates type 2 immunity and promotes parasitic helminth expulsion -- Full text
- 2013 Dec 16 IL-9-mediated survival of type 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes damage control in helminth-induced lung inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Mar 11 Innate lymphoid type 2 cells sustain visceral adipose tissue eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages -- Full text | PDF
See also (maybe not directly related)
- 2025 Dec 10 Tolerance to ferroptosis facilitates lipid metabolism and pathogenic type 2 immunity in allergic airway inflammation -- Full text
- 2025 Dec Tissue-Resident ILC2s Across Organs: Heterogeneity, Niche Crosstalk, and Shared Regulatory Circuits
- 2025 Nov 3 Brain-infiltrating ILC2s boost poststroke angiogenic initiation through α-CGRP production
- 2025 Aug 21 Piezo1-mediated mechanotransduction regulates the translational activity, function and lung pathogenicity of group 2 innate lymphoid cells -- Full text
- 2025 Aug 2 TLR4+group 2 innate lymphoid cells contribute to persistent type 2 immunity in airway diseases -- Full text
- 2025 Jun 23 Group 2 innate lymphoid cells drive inhibitory synapse formation with lasting effects on learning and memory -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 May 6 RAG suppresses group 2 innate lymphoid cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Dec 4 Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are a non-redundant source of interleukin-5 required for development and function of murine B1 cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Nov Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote inhibitory synapse development and social behavior -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Aug ILC2-derived LIF licences progress from tissue to systemic immunity -- Full text | [7] (Nature)
- 2024 Aug Colostrum is required for the postnatal ontogeny of small intestine innate lymphoid type 2 cells and successful anti-helminth defences -- Full text
- 2024 Mar Group 2 innate lymphoid cells suppress neuroinflammation and brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Oct Cancer immunosurveillance by ILC2s
- 2022 Jun 3 An innate IL-25-ILC2-MDSC axis creates a cancer-permissive microenvironment for Apc mutation-driven intestinal tumorigenesis -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Fev Regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells at barrier sites -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2022 Jan 14 BATF promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell-mediated lung tissue protection during acute respiratory virus infection -- Full text | Full text
- 2021 Oct 8 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Skin Homeostasis and Malignancy -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Aug 31 PD-1 Blockade on Tumor Microenvironment-Resident ILC2s Promotes TNF-α Production and Restricts Progression of Metastatic Melanoma -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jul Blockade of the co-inhibitory molecule PD-1 unleashes ILC2-dependent antitumor immunity in melanoma
- 2021 May Metabolic regulation by PPARγ is required for IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s in lung and adipose tissue -- Full text
- 2021 Apr Turning on ILC2s: diet control -- Full text
- 2021 Feb 1 Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Protect against Colorectal Cancer Progression and Predict Improved Patient Survival -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 20 Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer? -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Apr 6 Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells alleviates aging-associated cognitive decline -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Jan 20 Innate Lymphoid Cells: A Link between the Nervous System and Microbiota in Intestinal Networks -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Mar 30 Neuronal-immune system cross-talk in homeostasis (Science)
- 2017 Feb IFN-γ Blocks Development of an Asthma Phenotype in Rhinovirus-Infected Baby Mice by Inhibiting Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells -- Full text | [8]
- 2016 Jun Regulation of metabolic health and adipose tissue function by group 2 innate lymphoid cells -- Full text
- 2015 Sep Pulmonary receptor for advanced glycation end-products promotes asthma pathogenesis through IL-33 and accumulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Dec I-L-C-2 it: type 2 immunity and group 2 innate lymphoid cells in homeostasis -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Mar 4 Polarization of ILC2s in peripheral blood might contribute to immunosuppressive microenvironment in patients with gastric cancer -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Sep Group 2 innate lymphoid cell production of IL-5 is regulated by NKT cells during influenza virus infection – Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus -- Full text | PDF
Natural Killer (NK)[edit | edit source]
- 2020 Mar Effects of Gnathostoma spinigerum infective stage larva excretory-secretory products on NK cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture: focused on expressions of IFN-γ and killer cell lectin-like receptors
- 2009 Sep 15 Disruption of Th2 immunity results in a gender-specific expansion of IL-13 producing accessory NK cells during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Dec Binding of excreted and/or secreted products of adult hookworms to human NK cells in Necator americanus-infected individuals from Brazil
- 2004 Aug 15 A secreted protein from the human hookworm necator americanus binds selectively to NK cells and induces IFN-gamma production
CD4+ Th2 responses[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jul 10 Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α promotes protective Th2 cell responses during intestinal helminth infection -- Full text
- 2024 Aug 13 The amalgam of naive CD4+ T cell transcriptional states is reconfigured by helminth infection to dampen the amplitude of the immune response -- Full text | PDF (Comment: 2024 Aug 13 Wriggly woes: Helminths stirring up T cell trouble)
- 2021 Sep The parasite cytokine mimic Hp-TGM potently replicates the regulatory effects of TGF-β on murine CD4+ T cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sep Cytokines and beyond: Regulation of innate immune responses during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF (Review)
- 2020 Sep Preconception helminth infection alters offspring microbiota and immune subsets in a mouse model -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jul 26 Trichinella spiralis Infection Mitigates Collagen-Induced Arthritis via Programmed Death 1-Mediated Immunomodulation -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Dec Type 2 cytokine responses: regulating immunity to helminth parasites and allergic inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Feb Intestinal helminth infection induces highly functional resident memory CD4+ T cells in mice -- Full text
- 2017 Jan Primary Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection induces myeloid-derived suppressor cells that suppress CD4+ Th2 responses and promote chronic infection -- Full text
- 2016 Feb The helminth T2 RNase ω1 promotes metabolic homeostasis in an IL-33- and group 2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent mechanism -- Full text
- 2014 Oct 15 The Differentiation of CD4(+) T-Helper Cell Subsets in the Context of Helminth Parasite Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Jun CD4 T cells mediate mucosal and systemic immune responses to experimental hookworm infection
- 2008 May Functional analysis of effector and regulatory T cells in a parasitic nematode infection -- Full text | PDF
See also
CD4+ Th9 responses[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Sep 22 Haemonchus contortus HcL6 promoted the Th9 immune response in goat PBMCs by activating the STAT6/PU.1/NF-κB pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 May 21 Identification of excretory and secretory proteins from Haemonchus contortus inducing a Th9 immune response in goats -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 17 Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Characteristics of Haemonchus contortus Ephrin Domain Containing Protein in the Parasite-Host Interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Apr 3 Immunomodulatory dynamics of excretory and secretory products on Th9 immune response during Haemonchus contortus infection in goat -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Oct 17 Th9 Cells Drive Host Immunity against Gastrointestinal Worm Infection -- Full text | PDF
CD8+ regulatory T cells[edit | edit source]
- 2006 Aug Induction of CD8+ regulatory T cells in the intestine by Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection -- Full text
Treg cells, Foxp3+Tregs (CD4+ and CD8+)[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Jul Regulatory T cells in parasite infections: susceptibility, specificity and specialisation (Review)
- 2021 Sep Induction of stable human FOXP3+ Tregs by a parasite-derived TGF-β mimic -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Sep The parasite cytokine mimic Hp-TGM potently replicates the regulatory effects of TGF-β on murine CD4+ T cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Apr 13 Regulatory T Cells as an Escape Mechanism to the Immune Response in Taenia crassiceps Infection
- 2020 Jul Regulatory T‐cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Apr 22 CD8+ regulatory T cells are critical in prevention of autoimmune-mediated diabetes -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Oct 8 Parasitic Nematodes Exert Antimicrobial Activity and Benefit From Microbiota-Driven Support for Host Immune Regulation -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Dec Depletion of FoxP3+ Tregs improves control of larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection by promoting co-stimulation and Th1/17 immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Oct 2 IRF-8 regulates expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and modulates Th2 immune responses to gastrointestinal nematode infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jul 13 A. suum infection modulates inflammation: implication of CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+ T cells and IL-10
- 2017 Jun 5 Interleukin 4 promotes the development of ex-Foxp3 Th2 cells during immunity to intestinal helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Nov 1 Anti-Arthritic Activity of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis Derived-Antigens in Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats: Role of FOXP3+ Treg Cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Oct Depletion of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells confers susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in GM-CSF-deficient Csf2-/- mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Apr Activation and Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells via Chemokine Receptor Activation in Trichinella spiralis-Infected Mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Mar Low-level regulatory T-cell activity is essential for functional type-2 effector immunity to expel gastrointestinal helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Sep Parasite Proximity Drives the Expansion of Regulatory T Cells in Peyer's Patches following Intestinal Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Mar 15 Regulatory T cells limit induction of protective immunity and promote immune pathology following intestinal helminth infection -- Full text
- 2014 Feb 6 Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells delay expulsion of intestinal nematodes by suppression of IL-9-driven mast cell activation in BALB/c but not in C57BL/6 mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Aug 15 Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection activates colonic Foxp3+ T cells enhancing their capacity to prevent colitis -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Aug 15 Schistosoma mansoni-mediated suppression of allergic airway inflammation requires patency and Foxp3+ Treg cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Apr Activities of treg cells stimulated by soluble adult worm antigen and egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese)
- 2013 Mar ICOS controls Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell expansion, maintenance and IL-10 production during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Helminth antigens enable CpG-activated dendritic cells to inhibit the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis through Foxp3+ regulatory T cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov 1 Mechanisms underlying the induction of regulatory T cells and its relevance in the adaptive immune response in parasitic infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov Induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells during human hookworm infection modulates antigen-mediated lymphocyte proliferation -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Oct 25 Helminth secretions induce de novo T cell Foxp3 expression and regulatory function through the TGF-β pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 May Regulatory B cells prevent and reverse allergic airway inflammation via FoxP3-positive T regulatory cells in a murine model -- Full text
- 2010 Jan 15 Pronounced phenotype in activated regulatory T cells during a chronic helminth infection
- 2009 Aug Inhibition of type 1 diabetes in filaria-infected non-obese diabetic mice is associated with a T helper type 2 shift and induction of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Jan Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate experimental allergic asthma in a murine model: a major role for CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells independent of interleukin-10 -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Jun 30 Suppressive effect of induced CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese)
- 2008 May Functional analysis of effector and regulatory T cells in a parasitic nematode infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Feb 1 Helminth infection with Litomosoides sigmodontis induces regulatory T cells and inhibits allergic sensitization, airway inflammation, and hyperreactivity in a murine asthma model -- Full text | PDF
- 2007 Jul Expansion and activation of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection -- Full text | PDF
See also (may not be related)
- 2024 Mar 20 Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both?
- 2024 Feb 20 An angel or a devil? Current view on the role of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Apr FOXP3+ macrophage represses acute ischemic stroke-induced neural inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 May 1 CD8+ Regulatory T Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Improve Mouse Endotoxin Shock -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Feb 7 Expression of CD8+Treg cells in chronic rhinosinusitis and its correlation with eosinophilic infiltration (Chinese)
- 2021 Aug 18 CD8+ Regulatory T Cell - A Mystery to Be Revealed -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov 23 Regulatory T cells in infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Oct 1 Discrete TCR repertoires and CDR3 features distinguish effector and Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis -- Full text | PDF
Breg cells[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jan Regulatory B cells in parasitic infections: roles and therapeutic potential -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Feb Helminth-induced CD9+ B-cell subset alleviates obesity-associated inflammation via IL-10 production -- Full text
- 2015 Jun Ligation of TLR7 on CD19(+) CD1d(hi) B cells suppresses allergic lung inflammation via regulatory T cells -- Full text
- 2010 Jun Helminth-induced CD19+CD23hi B cells modulate experimental allergic and autoimmune inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 May Regulatory B cells prevent and reverse allergic airway inflammation via FoxP3-positive T regulatory cells in a murine model -- Full text
See also
- 2021 May 13 Context-dependent roles of B cells during intestinal helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Nov 14 The regulatory role of B cells in autoimmunity, infections and cancer: Perspectives beyond IL10 production -- Full text
B cells[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Nov 24 B cell fate mapping reveals their contribution to the memory immune response against helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec 10 The Essential Role Played by B Cells in Supporting Protective Immunity Against Trichuris muris Infection Is by Controlling the Th1/Th2 Balance in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Depends on Host Genetic Background -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 May https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30941496/ B-1 cell response in immunity against parasites]
- 2018 Feb 13 B1 Cell IgE Impedes Mast Cell-Mediated Enhancement of Parasite Expulsion through B2 IgE Blockade -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Oct Effects of soluble egg antigen and adult worm antigen of Schistosoma japonicum on differentiation of effector B cells of mice (Chinese)
- 2010 May 1 B cells have distinct roles in host protection against different nematode parasites -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Oct B-cells get the T-cells but antibodies get the worms -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Mar 20 Cytokine-producing effector B cells regulate type 2 immunity to H. polygyrus -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Oct 16 Polyclonal and specific antibodies mediate protective immunity against enteric helminth infection -- Full text
See also
- 2024 Dec 4 Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are a non-redundant source of interleukin-5 required for development and function of murine B1 cells -- Full text | PDF
Platelets[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Feb 11 The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of and immunity to helminth infections (Master thesis)
- 2003 Sep Platelet parameters in subjects infected with hookworm
See platelet inhibitors below
[edit | edit source]
- 2019 Oct 15 Neuropeptide CGRP Limits Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses and Constrains Type 2 Inflammation -- Full text | PDF
See also
- 2025 Nov 3 Brain-infiltrating ILC2s boost poststroke angiogenic initiation through α-CGRP production
- 2025 Apr 4 Is repurposing of CGRP antagonists for asthma a strategy worth pursuing? -- PDF (Bachelor's Research Project)
- "To further investigate the effect of CGRP on inflammation, a study examining lung lymphocytes during helminth infection in vivo using RNA sequencing found that ILC2 cells stimulated by CGRP reversed pro-inflammatory mediators, such as NMU, IL-33, and IL-25. This, in turn, decreased IL-13 production and ILC2 proliferation, effectively suppressing type 2 immunity by inhibiting mast cell degranulation, ILC2 proliferation, IL-13 secretion, and dendritic cell migration. These findings again suggest an anti-inflammatory effect."
PD-1/PD-L1-/PD-L2- and CTLA-4-dependent pathways[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Aug PD-L2 Inhibits Protective Immunity, Th2 Cell Functional Quality, and GATA-3 Expression During Filarial Nematode Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Oct 25 High PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression correlates with host immune suppression in patients and a mouse model infected with Echinococcus multilocularis -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Mar 28 The expression of CTLA-4 in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis patients and blocking CTLA-4 to reverse T cell exhaustion in Echinococcus multilocularis-infected mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Jun Echinococcus multilocularis vesicular fluid induces the expression of immune checkpoint proteins in vitro
- 2015 Jun Upregulation of PD-1 on CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells is associated with immunosuppression in liver of mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis
NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain pathway (NLRPs)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 3 Echinococcus granulosus antigen B ameliorates myocardial infarction through promoting M2 macrophage polarization -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jun Variants of NLRP3 Protein in Haemonchus contortus Infected Sheep: Impact on Immune Cell Responsiveness to LPS In Vitro
- 2022 Nov NLRP6 negatively regulates type 2 immune responses in mice -- Full text
- 2021 Sep Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 plays a key role in the development of Th2 cell-mediated host defenses against Trichinella spiralis infection
- 2020 Aug 27 NLRP3 played a role in Trichinella spiralis-triggered Th2 and regulatory T cells response -- Full text | PDF
Restraint of TVM cell expansion[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Feb 7 IL-4 induces CD22 expression to restrain the effector program of virtual memory T cells (Also reported by ScienceDaily [9])
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Mar 13 Immunomodulation in chronic Loiasis—Eosinophils, Basophils and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Loa loa Infection and its Treatment in an Endemic Setting (Thesis)
- 2024 Nov 28 IRF4 regulates myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and function in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 May 21 Eosinophils, basophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic Loa loa infection and its treatment in an endemic setting -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 May 1 Here, There, and Everywhere: Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Immunology -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Aug Myeloid-derived suppressor cells exert immunosuppressive function on the T helper 2 in mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus -- Full text
- 2020 May Role of l-arginine and CD11b+Gr-1+ cells in immunosuppression induced by Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri
- 2018 The proangiogenic role of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mice infected with Echinococcus granulosus -- Full text
- 2017 Oct 2 IRF-8 regulates expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and modulates Th2 immune responses to gastrointestinal nematode infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jan Primary Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection induces myeloid-derived suppressor cells that suppress CD4+ Th2 responses and promote chronic infection -- Full text
- 2015 Apr Cellular and molecular mechanisms of helminth-induced immunomodulation (Thesis)
- 2014 Jul 2 Evolution of Our Understanding of Myeloid Regulatory Cells: From MDSCs to Mregs -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Apr Myeloid-derived suppressor cells enhance IgE-mediated mast cell responses -- Full text
- 2012 Jul 15 Cutting edge: mast cells critically augment myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Sep Myeloid cell-specific expression of Ship1 regulates IL-12 production and immunity to helminth infection
- 2010 Nov Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in parasitic infections -- Full text
See also
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TLSP)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 12 TSLP links intestinal nutrient sensing with amplification of the ILC2-tuft cell circuit -- Full text
- 2025 Oct 25 Caecal epithelium-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin is not required for protective immunity against whipworm (Preprint)
- 2025 Sep New Perspectives on Classical Alarmin Responses to Intestinal Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jun 24 The contribution of TSLP to Trichuris immunity -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2024 Nov 4 Critical and diverse role of alarmin cytokines in parasitic infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jan Role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergy and beyond -- Full text -- PDF
- 2022 Dec TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25: Not just for allergy and helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Nov 1 Thymic stromal lymphopoietin-dependent basophils promote Th2 cytokine responses following intestinal helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Aug 18 Helminth products bypass the need for TSLP in Th2 immune responses by directly modulating dendritic cell function -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 May 15 Regulation of Helminth-Induced Th2 Responses by Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Mar 16 TSLP regulates intestinal immunity and inflammation in mouse models of helminth infection and colitis -- Full text | PDF
See also (may not be related)
- 2016 Apr 1 Thymic stromal lymphopoietin blocks early stages of breast carcinogenesis -- Full text
- 2012 Oct 16 Loss of cutaneous TSLP-dependent immune responses skews the balance of inflammation from tumor protective to tumor promoting -- Full text
- 2012 Oct 16 Elevated epidermal thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels establish an antitumor environment in the skin -- Full text | PDF
IL-1[edit | edit source]
- 2013 Aug 1 IL-1β suppresses innate IL-25 and IL-33 production and maintains helminth chronicity -- Full text | PDF
IL-2[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Aug 26 The Role of IL-2 in Type 2 Immunity
- 2019 Jul Y75B8A.8 (HC8) protein of Haemonchus contortus: A functional inhibitor of host IL-2
- 2012 Jan Analysis of IL-2 production in hookworm infected hamsters using generated polyclonal antibodies -- PDF
See also
- 2022 Jun 14 Context-dependent effects of IL-2 rewire immunity into distinct cellular circuits
- 2017 Mar IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes ameliorate lupus nephritis by expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
IL-4[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Aug 13 The amalgam of naive CD4+ T cell transcriptional states is reconfigured by helminth infection to dampen the amplitude of the immune response -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Feb 8 IL-4 and helminth infection downregulate MINCLE-dependent macrophage response to mycobacteria and Th17 adjuvanticity -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sept 29 The Helminth Parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Attenuates EAE in an IL-4Rα-Dependent Manner -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Oct 30 Helminth-induced IL-4 expands bystander memory CD8+ T cells for early control of viral infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Sep 21 Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion
- 2017 Jun 5 Interleukin 4 promotes the development of ex-Foxp3 Th2 cells during immunity to intestinal helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jan 17 Suppression of colitis by adoptive transfer of helminth antigen-treated dendritic cells requires interleukin-4 receptor-α signaling -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Nov IL-4-producing ILC2s are required for the differentiation of TH2 cells following Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Oct IL-4Rα-associated antigen processing by B cells promotes immunity in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection -- IL-4Rα-Associated Antigen Processing by B Cells Promotes Immunity in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection | PDF
- 2011 Jan IL-4Rα-responsive smooth muscle cells contribute to initiation of TH2 immunity and pulmonary pathology in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections -- Full text
- 2004 Mar Type 2 immunity reflects orchestrated recruitment of cells committed to IL-4 production -- Full text
- 1993 Mar 1 IgE production in human helminth infection. Reciprocal interrelationship between IL-4 and IFN-gamma
- 1991 Aug 15 Antibodies to IL-3 and IL-4 suppress helminth-induced intestinal mastocytosis
See also (may not be related)
- 2025 Jan 25 Genetic variation in IL-4 activated tissue resident macrophages determines strain-specific synergistic responses to LPS epigenetically -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Mar 15 Wnt signaling enhances macrophage responses to IL-4 and promotes resolution of atherosclerosis -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Oct 5 IL-4R alpha deficiency influences hippocampal-BDNF signaling pathway to impair reference memory -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Jun 5 Human interleukin-4-treated regulatory macrophages promote epithelial wound healing and reduce colitis in a mouse model
- 2019 Dec Interleukin 4 induces rapid mucin transport, increases mucus thickness and quality and decreases colitis and Citrobacter rodentium in contact with epithelial cells -- Full text | [10]
- 2017 Jun 9 Local amplifiers of IL-4Rα-mediated macrophage activation promote repair in lung and liver -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jun 9 Macrophage function in tissue repair and remodeling requires IL-4 or IL-13 with apoptotic cells -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2016 Jan 13 Cyclic AMP is a key regulator of M1 to M2a phenotypic conversion of microglia in the presence of Th2 cytokines -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 May 10 Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4 -- Full text | PDF
- 2003 Jul 15 Dependence of IL-4, IL-13, and nematode-induced alterations in murine small intestinal smooth muscle contractility on Stat6 and enteric nerves
- 2002 Jul IL-4 induces characteristic Th2 responses even in the combined absence of IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 -- Full text
- 1994 Dec 15 An efficient Th2-type memory follows CD8+ lymphocyte-driven and eosinophil-mediated rejection of a spontaneous mouse mammary adenocarcinoma engineered to release IL-4
- 1993 Apr 1 Ultrastructural evidence of the mechanisms responsible for interleukin-4-activated rejection of a spontaneous murine adenocarcinoma
- 1990 Nov 1 Low doses of IL-4 injected perilymphatically in tumor-bearing mice inhibit the growth of poorly and apparently nonimmunogenic tumors and induce a tumor-specific immune memory
IL-5[edit | edit source]
- 2019 Mar Intestinal helminth infection promotes IL-5- and CD4+ T cell-dependent immunity in the lung against migrating parasites
- 2017 Nov 1 Interleukin-5 Mediates Parasite-Induced Protection against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Association with Induction of Antigen-Specific CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Jan 15 Helminth Products Protect against Autoimmunity via Innate Type 2 Cytokines IL-5 and IL-33, Which Promote Eosinophilia
- 2015 Nov Suppression of OVA-alum induced allergy by Heligmosomoides polygyrus products is MyD88-, TRIF-, regulatory T- and B cell-independent, but is associated with reduced innate lymphoid cell activation -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Aug Host-parasite interactions in primary and secondary infections with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides bakeri (Thesis)
- 2004 Aug Chronic intestinal nematode infection induces Stat6-independent interleukin-5 production and causes eosinophilic inflammatory responses in mice -- Full text | PDF (Comment by Maizels and Balic)
See also
- 2013 Sep Group 2 innate lymphoid cell production of IL-5 is regulated by NKT cells during influenza virus infection – Full text | PDF
- 2004 Sep Antitumor activity of eosinophils activated by IL-5 and eotaxin against hepatocellular carcinoma
IL-6[edit | edit source]
- 2014 Jan IL-6 controls susceptibility to helminth infection by impeding Th2 responsiveness and altering the Treg phenotype in vivo -- Full text | PDF
- 2005 Aug 10 Trichuris suis excretory secretory products (ESP) elicit interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 secretion from intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1)
IL-9[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Sep EgG1Y162 protein from Echinococcus granulosus modulates the immune functions of mouse splenic lymphocytes and regulates Th9 cells
- 2025 Aug 20 Multi-omics approaches reveal the mechanisms underlying the interaction between cyst fluid of Echinococcus granulosus and host immune cells
- 2023 Sep 22 Haemonchus contortus HcL6 promoted the Th9 immune response in goat PBMCs by activating the STAT6/PU.1/NF-κB pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Sep 18 The role of the IL-9‒NLRP3 axis in insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation during diet-induced obesity -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 17 Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Characteristics of Haemonchus contortus Ephrin Domain Containing Protein in the Parasite-Host Interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Apr 3 Immunomodulatory dynamics of excretory and secretory products on Th9 immune response during Haemonchus contortus infection in goat -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Feb 6 Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells delay expulsion of intestinal nematodes by suppression of IL-9-driven mast cell activation in BALB/c but not in C57BL/6 mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Oct 17 Th9 Cells Drive Host Immunity against Gastrointestinal Worm Infection -- Full text | PDF
IL-10[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Sep 7 A filarial parasite-encoded human IL-10 receptor antagonist reveals a novel strategy to modulate host responses
- 2022 Jun Tissue-based IL-10 signalling in helminth infection limits IFNγ expression and promotes the intestinal Th2 response -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 May 4 Helminthic dehydrogenase drives PGE2 and IL-10 production in monocytes to potentiate Treg induction -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Feb Helminth-induced CD9+ B-cell subset alleviates obesity-associated inflammation via IL-10 production -- Full text
- 2019 Jan STAT6 and IL-10 are required for the anti-arthritic effects of Schistosoma mansoni via different mechanisms
- 2012 Feb 8 Schistosomes induce regulatory features in human and mouse CD1d(hi) B cells: inhibition of allergic inflammation by IL-10 and regulatory T cells
- 2013 Mar ICOS controls Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell expansion, maintenance and IL-10 production during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Jun 1 Knockout of Mkp-1 exacerbates colitis in Il-10-deficient mice -- Full text
- 2009 Jul Role of T cell TGF-beta signaling in intestinal cytokine responses and helminthic immune modulation -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Apr Central role of IL-10 as key regulator of inflammation during intestinal trichinellosis in mice
- 2006 Dec Ascaris suum-derived products suppress mucosal allergic inflammation in an interleukin-10-independent manner via interference with dendritic cell function
- 2006 Sep Schistosoma mansoni antigen-driven interleukin-10 production in infected asthmatic individuals -- Full text | PDF
- 2005 Aug 10 Trichuris suis excretory secretory products (ESP) elicit interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 secretion from intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1)
- 2005 Jun 1 Neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody blocks the protective effect of tapeworm infection in a murine model of chemically induced colitis -- Full text | PDF (HDC)
- 1991 Oct 15 Production of IL-10 by CD4+ T lymphocytes correlates with down-regulation of Th1 cytokine synthesis in helminth infection
IL-13[edit | edit source]
- 2009 Sep 15 Disruption of Th2 immunity results in a gender-specific expansion of IL-13 producing accessory NK cells during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2003 Jul 15 Dependence of IL-4, IL-13, and nematode-induced alterations in murine small intestinal smooth muscle contractility on Stat6 and enteric nerves
IL-15[edit | edit source]
IL-17[edit | edit source]
- 2020 Nov IL-17A both initiates, via IFNγ suppression, and limits the pulmonary type-2 immune response to nematode infection -- Full text | PDF
IL-22[edit | edit source]
- 2013 Oct 13 IL-22 Mediates Goblet Cell Hyperplasia and Worm Expulsion in Intestinal Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Mar A role for IL-22 in the relationship between intestinal helminths, gut microbiota and mucosal immunity -- Full text | PDF
See also
- 2014 Dec 28 Role of interleukin-22 in inflammatory bowel disease -- Full text | PDF
IL-23[edit | edit source]
- 2018 May 17 Intraperitoneal administration of the anti-IL-23 antibody prevents the establishment of intestinal nematodes in mice -- Full text | PDF
IL-25[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 18 Immunological role of IL-25 on gut-dwelling helminths -- Full text
- 2025 Sep New Perspectives on Classical Alarmin Responses to Intestinal Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Apr Tuft cell IL-17RB restrains IL-25 bioavailability and reveals context-dependent ILC2 hypoproliferation -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Nov 4 Critical and diverse role of alarmin cytokines in parasitic infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Dec TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25: Not just for allergy and helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jun The IL-25-dependent tuft cell circuit driven by intestinal helminths requires macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Sep 21 Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion
- 2018 Aug Classic Models for New Perspectives: Delving into Helminth-Microbiota-Immune System Interactions
- 2017 Sep 12 ILC2s activated by IL-25 promote antigen-specific Th2 and Th9 functions that contribute to the control of Trichinella spiralis infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Nov 18 Critical Role for Interleukin-25 in Host Protective Th2 Memory Response against Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Sep 23 Interleukin-25 Induces Resistance Against Intestinal Trematodes -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Apr 7 IL-22 Restrains Tapeworm-Mediated Protection against Experimental Colitis via Regulation of IL-25 Expression -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Aug 1 IL-1β suppresses innate IL-25 and IL-33 production and maintains helminth chronicity -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Dec 1 Critical role of IL-25 in nematode infection-induced alterations in intestinal function -- Full text | PDF
See also (may not be related)
- 2025 Apr IL-25 Enhances B Cell Responses in Type 2 Inflammation Through IL-17RB Receptor -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Feb Local IL-25 contributes to Th2-biased inflammatory profiles in nasal polyps
- 2016 Nov 4 IL-25 attenuates rheumatoid arthritis through suppression of Th17 immune responses in an IL-13-dependent manner
- 2016 May 11 Acute blockade of IL-25 in a colitis associated colon cancer model leads to increased tumor burden -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Apr 13 IL-25 causes apoptosis of IL-25R-expressing breast cancer cells without toxicity to nonmalignant cells -- Full text | PDF
IL-27[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Apr 15 IL-27 Enhances γδ T Cell-Mediated Innate Resistance to Primary Hookworm Infection in the Lungs -- Full text | PDF
IL-33[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Sep New Perspectives on Classical Alarmin Responses to Intestinal Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 May 27 Vaccination against helminth IL-33 modulators permits immune-mediated parasite ejection -- Full text
- 2025 Acquired resistance against penetration by strongylodies ratti is mediated by IL-33-dependent induction of gamma delta T cells -- PDF (Thesis) (May not be not relevant to therapeutic helminths.)
- 2024 Nov 4 Critical and diverse role of alarmin cytokines in parasitic infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jun 19 Structural basis for IL-33 recognition and its antagonism by the helminth effector protein HpARI2 -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 20 Interleukin-33 promotes serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells for intestinal homeostasis -- Full text | PDF (comment : 2021 Jan 12 IL-33 Changes Our "Gut Feelings" about Serotonin -- Full text)
- 2020 Sep IL-33 is essential to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice infected with an intestinal helminth -- Full text
- 2020 Apr 17 The IL-33/ST2 Axis in Immune Responses Against Parasitic Disease: Potential Therapeutic Applications
- 2017 Oct 17 HpARI Protein Secreted by a Helminth Parasite Suppresses Interleukin-33 -- Full text | PDF (Allergy, asthma)
- 2016 Feb The helminth T2 RNase ω1 promotes metabolic homeostasis in an IL-33- and group 2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent mechanism -- Full text
- 2016 May Interleukin 33: an innate alarm for adaptive responses beyond Th2 immunity-emerging roles in obesity, intestinal inflammation, and cancer -- Full text
- 2015 Jul 21 Interleukin-33 and Interferon-γ Counter-Regulate Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Activation during Immune Perturbation -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Sept Blockade of IL-33 release and suppression of type 2 innate lymphoid cell responses by helminth secreted products in airway allergy -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Aug 1 IL-1β suppresses innate IL-25 and IL-33 production and maintains helminth chronicity -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Jan 2 IL-33 drives biphasic IL-13 production for noncanonical Type 2 immunity against hookworms -- Full text
- 2012 Mar 12 Trefoil factor 2 rapidly induces interleukin 33 to promote type 2 immunity during allergic asthma and hookworm infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Aug Immunity to helminth infection
- 2010 Jan 28 Innate production of T(H)2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associated c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) lymphoid cells
See also (may not be related)
- 2021 Dec 30 IL-33, an Alarmin of the IL-1 Family Involved in Allergic and Non Allergic Inflammation: Focus on the Mechanisms of Regulation of Its Activity
- 2017 Apr 20 IL-33 restricts tumor growth and inhibits pulmonary metastasis in melanoma-bearing mice through eosinophils
- 2016 Mar 1 Intratumorally Establishing Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Blocks Tumor Growth
See also Amphiregulin cytokine, below.
IL-35[edit | edit source]
- 2021 Nov Interleukin-35 is a critical regulator of immunity during helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis -- Full text
Amphiregulin[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 4 Trained ILC2 prevent IL-17-associated lung injury during helminth infection through a serotonin-dependent mechanism -- PDF (Preprint)
- 2022 Oct 21 Resident TH2 cells orchestrate adipose tissue remodeling at a site adjacent to infection -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2006 Dec 15 Amphiregulin, a TH2 cytokine enhancing resistance to nematodes -- Full text (Science)
See also
- 2018 Jul 17 Amphiregulin-Producing Pathogenic Memory T Helper 2 Cells Instruct Eosinophils to Secrete Osteopontin and Facilitate Airway Fibrosis -- Full text
- 2015 Aug 27 A Distinct Function of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Protection -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus -- Full text | PDF
C-C motif chemokine ligand and receptor (CCL/CCR)[edit | edit source]
CCL8 alias MCP2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 2)
CCL11 alias eotaxin
- 2024 Heligmosomoides polygyrus-induced serum factors limit respiratory syncytial virus titres; a potential role for CCL8 -- PDF (Master of science)
- 2021 Sep Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with decreased risk of respiratory allergy symptoms and low production of CCL2
- 2020 Jul Immune serum-activated human macrophages coordinate with eosinophils to immobilize Ascaris suum larvae
- 2019 Dec 2 A CCL1/CCR8-dependent feed-forward mechanism drives ILC2 functions in type 2-mediated inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Dec Skin Reactivity to Aeroallergens in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Brazilian Individuals and Modulation of CCL2 and IL-10
- 2017 Sep 5 The FGF21-CCL11 Axis Mediates Beiging of White Adipose Tissues by Coupling Sympathetic Nervous System to Type 2 Immunity -- Full text
- 2017 Jul 31 TPL-2 restricts Ccl24-dependent immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Jul 15 Cytokine and chemokine responses to helminth and protozoan parasites and to fungus and mite allergens in neonates, children, adults, and the elderly -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Role of Chemokines and Trafficking of Immune Cells in Parasitic Infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Aug Host-parasite interactions in primary and secondary infections with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides bakeri (Thesis)
- 2009 Aug The roles of eotaxin and the STAT6 signalling pathway in eosinophil recruitment and host resistance to the nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides bakeri -- PDF
- 2007 Aug Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection down-regulates eotaxin concentration and CCR3 expression on lung eosinophils in murine allergic pulmonary inflammation
- 2006 Jul The role of Th2 cytokines, chemokines and parasite products in eosinophil recruitment to the gastrointestinal mucosa during helminth infection -- Full text
- 2000 Dec 1 Eotaxin is specifically cleaved by hookworm metalloproteases preventing its action in vitro and in vivo
- 1996 Apr Human eotaxin is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophil cells and provides a new mechanism to explain tissue eosinophilia
See also
- 2024 Aug ILC2-derived LIF licences progress from tissue to systemic immunity -- Full text | [11]
- 2016 Jun An Overlook to the Characteristics and Roles Played by Eotaxin Network in the Pathophysiology of Food Allergies: Allergic Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis
- 2002 Jun Elevated serum eotaxin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease -- Full text
See Hookworm Anti-inflammatory protein (AIP) alias Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP) below
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Sep 23 Analysis of the role of Dirofilaria repens macrophage migration inhibitory factors in host-parasite interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jan 11 Dynamic changes in human THP-1-derived M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization during Thelazia callipaeda MIF induction -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jun The IL-25-dependent tuft cell circuit driven by intestinal helminths requires macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Feb 17 Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Modulation of the Gastrointestinal Immune Environment by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factors (MIF) and Helminth-Derived Cytokine Homologues of MIF (Thesis)
- 2019 Oct 24 Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Is Essential for Type 2 Effector Cell Immunity to an Intestinal Helminth Parasite -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jan Macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency enhances immune response to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jun 20 Characterization of a secreted macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologue of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus Contortus acting at the parasite-host cell interface -- Full text | PDF
- 2007 Aug 10 Structural and functional characterization of a secreted hookworm Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) that interacts with the human MIF receptor CD74 -- Full text | PDF
See also Helminth Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) below
See also (maybe not related) :
CD40/CD154[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Dec CD154 restricts helminth-induced macrophage polarization and proliferation while promoting tissue residence -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Mar CD40-CD154: A perspective from type 2 immunity -- Full text
- 2006 Sep 1 CD40/CD154 interactions are required for the optimal maturation of skin-derived APCs and the induction of helminth-specific IFN-gamma but not IL-4 -- Full text | PDF
- 1996 May 1 CD40-mediated stimulation contributes to lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production, eosinophilia, and mastocytosis during an in vivo type 2 response, but is not required for T cell IL-4 production
See also
- 2021 Mar Molecular basis and therapeutic implications of CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint -- Full text | PDF
Adipokines (Adiponectin, Omentin alias intelectin, Lectin[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jun 5 Lower BMI in Tanzanian Adults with Schistosoma mansoni Infection is Not Explained by Differences in Serum Adipocytokine Levels -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Aug 27 Regulation and function of adiponectin in the intestinal epithelial cells in response to Trichinella spiralis infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 May 2 Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Oct 29 Adiponectin Limits IFN-γ and IL-17 Producing CD4 T Cells in Obesity by Restraining Cell Intrinsic Glycolysis -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Oct 16 Effect of anthelmintic treatment on leptin, adiponectin and leptin to adiponectin ratio: a randomized-controlled trial -- Full text | PDF (diabete)
- 2009 Nov-Dec Expression of three intelectins in sheep and response to a Th2 environment -- Full text | PDF
- 2007 Aug Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: identification of intelectin-1 and -2 as Stat6-dependent genes expressed in lung and intestine during infection -- Full text | PDF
See also
- 2017 Jun 21 Adiponectin, a Therapeutic Target for Obesity, Diabetes, and Endothelial Dysfunction -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Apr Adiponectin: a versatile player of innate immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Dec 3 Adiponectin/adiponectin receptor in disease and aging -- Full text | PDF
Trefoil factor[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Mar Trefoil Factor Family: A Troika for Lung Repair and Regeneration -- Full text
- 2021 Oct 18 Parasitic helminth infections in humans modulate Trefoil Factor levels in a manner dependent on the species of parasite and age of the host -- Full text
- 2019 Sep 27 TFF3 interacts with LINGO2 to regulate EGFR activation for protection against colitis and gastrointestinal helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Jan Macrophages promote epithelial proliferation following infectious and non-infectious lung injury through a Trefoil factor 2-dependent mechanism -- Full text
- 2018 May Trefoil Factor 2 Promotes Type 2 Immunity and Lung Repair through Intrinsic Roles in Hematopoietic and Nonhematopoietic Cells -- Full text
- 2012 Mar 12 Trefoil factor 2 rapidly induces interleukin 33 to promote type 2 immunity during allergic asthma and hookworm infection -- Full text | PDF
TGF-β pathway[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Feb 27 Effects of Cysticercus cellulosae Excretory-Secretory Antigens on the TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Th17 Cell Differentiation in Piglets, a Proteomic Analysis -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Apr 15 Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infection Decreases Smad7 Expression in Intestinal CD4+ T Cells, Which Allows TGF-β to Induce IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells That Block Colitis -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Oct 5 Helminth-Induced Production of TGF-β and Suppression of Graft-versus-Host Disease Is Dependent on IL-4 Production by Host Cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Mar Intestinal Helminthic Infection Increases Serum Levels of IL-2 and Decreases Serum TGF-Beta Levels in Nigerian Asthmatic Patients -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Oct 3 Loss of the TGFβ-activating integrin αvβ8 on dendritic cells protects mice from chronic intestinal parasitic infection via control of type 2 immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Aug 1 Cutting edge: in the absence of TGF-β signaling in T cells, fewer CD103+ regulatory T cells develop, but exuberant IFN-γ production renders mice more susceptible to helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Jan 15 Helminth protection against autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice is independent of a type 2 immune shift and requires TGF-β -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 May Helminths Regulate Acute Graft Versus Host Disease and Colitis in a TGFβ Dependent Manner in Mice
- 2009 Aug 1 Infection with a Helminth Parasite Attenuates Autoimmunity through TGF-β-Mediated Suppression of Th17 and Th1 Responses -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Jul Role of T cell TGF-beta signaling in intestinal cytokine responses and helminthic immune modulation -- Full text | PDF
See also "Transforming Growth Factor-β mimic (TGM, TGF-β mimic)" below
See also
- 2021 Mar Induced regulatory T cells suppress Tc1 cells through TGF-β signaling to ameliorate STZ-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Jul TGF-β limits IL-33 production and promotes the resolution of colitis through regulation of macrophage function -- Full text | PDF
IFNγ[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jun 12 A type 1 immune-stromal cell network mediates disease tolerance against intestinal infection -- Full text
- 2022 Aug 6 Histidine acid phosphatase domain-containing protein from Haemonchus contortus is a stimulatory antigen for the Th1 immune response of goat PBMCs -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Jul 21 Interleukin-33 and Interferon-γ Counter-Regulate Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Activation during Immune Perturbation -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Feb IFN-γ Blocks Development of an Asthma Phenotype in Rhinovirus-Infected Baby Mice by Inhibiting Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells -- Full text | [12]
- 2004 Aug 15 A secreted protein from the human hookworm necator americanus binds selectively to NK cells and induces IFN-gamma production
- 1997 Production of an interferon-gamma homologue by an intestinal nematode: functionally significant or interesting artefact?
- 1993 Dec 15 IFN inhibits inflammatory responses and protective immunity in mice infected with the nematode parasite, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
Serotonin[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 4 Trained ILC2 prevent IL-17-associated lung injury during helminth infection through a serotonin-dependent mechanism -- PDF (Preprint)
- 2020 Nov 20 Interleukin-33 promotes serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells for intestinal homeostasis -- Full text | PDF (comment : 2021 Jan 12 IL-33 Changes Our "Gut Feelings" about Serotonin -- Full text)
- 2019 Dec The role of serotonin in the immunoregulation by the helminth parasite Hymenolepis diminuta (Thesis)
- 2019 May 15 TLR2 Plays a Pivotal Role in Mediating Mucosal Serotonin Production in the Gut -- Full text
- 2018 Sept 3 Modulation of the immune response by helminths: a role for serotonin? -- Full text | PDF
See also
- 2024 Mar 15 Gut bacteria-derived serotonin promotes immune tolerance in early life -- Full text | PDF
Endocannabinoids[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Jun The Role of Endocannabinoids in Host-Pathogen Interactions (Thesis)
- 2021 Jun Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype-1 Regulates Allergic Airway Eosinophilia During Lung Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May 28 Endocannabinoid Regulation of Helminth Induced Hypophagia -- PDF (capstone project)
- 2018 Dec Immunoregulatory Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of Hookworm Infection (Thesis)
- 2018 Oct 25 Host- and Helminth-Derived Endocannabinoids That Have Effects on Host Immunity Are Generated during Infection -- Full text | PDF (media coverage "Getting high on worms")
See also
- 2022 Jun 3 The Endocannabinoids-Microbiota Partnership in Gut-Brain Axis Homeostasis: Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorders -- Full text | [13]
- 2021 Feb 16 High and Mighty? Cannabinoids and the microbiome in pain -- Full text | PDF (review)
Opioids (proopiomelanocortin, β-endorphin)[edit | edit source]
- 2012 Nov Heligmosmoides polygyrus fourth stages induce protection against DSS-induced colitis and change opioid expression in the intestine
- 2008 Mar Heligmosomoides polygyrus: opioid peptides are involved in immune regulation of the histotropic phase of infection
- 2000 Dec 31 Evidence of opiates and opioid neuropeptides and their immune effects in parasitic invertebrates representing three different phyla: Schistosoma mansoni, Theromyzon tessulatum, Trichinella spiralis -- Full text
- 1998 Sep 25 Opioid involvement in behavior modifications of mice infected with the parasitic nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
- 1992 Nov Production of immunomodulatory neuropeptides by Schistosoma mansoni
- 1992 Jan 15 Immunosuppression in the definitive and intermediate hosts of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni by release of immunoactive neuropeptides -- Full text | PDF
- 1992 Neuroimmunology of host-parasite interactions: proopiomelanocortin derived peptides in the infection by Schistosoma mansoni
Cholecystokinin[edit | edit source]
- 2013 Jan Adaptive immunity alters distinct host feeding pathways during nematode induced inflammation, a novel mechanism in parasite expulsion -- Full text | PDF
- 1985 Dec Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: changes in plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones in the infected rat -- Full text
Bile acid homeostasis[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jul 15 Associations between helminth infection status and the composition and concentration of fecal bile acids in school-age children in Uganda -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jul 6 Chronic small intestinal helminth infection perturbs bile acid homeostasis and disrupts bile acid signaling in the murine small intestine -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Mar 7 Down with the shp-1: chronic helminth infection disrupts bile acid homeostasis and signalling receptor activation in the murine small intestine to potentially impact gut immunity -- PDF
See also
- 2025 Jul 2 Novel Approaches in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorder Therapy: Targeting the Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Axis -- Full text | PDF
RAGE signaling pathway[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Sep 8 Receptor for advanced glycation end products regulates the pulmonary and intestinal host responses to the infection with the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis -- Full text
- 2021 Nov 16 Diminished Circulating Levels of Angiogenic Factors and Rage Ligands in Helminth-Diabetes Comorbidity and Reversal Following Anthelmintic Treatment -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Feb 11 Differential Expression of Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Chronic Colitis -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Aug 21 Schistosoma japonicum SjE16.7 Protein Promotes Tumor Development via the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE)
- 2019 Sep The receptor for advanced glycation end products is a critical mediator of type 2 cytokine signaling in the lungs
See Antagonist of RAGE signaling pathway below
See also (not directly related)
- 2019 Sep 20 Implication of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) during inflammation and ageing -- PDF
- 2015 Sep Pulmonary receptor for advanced glycation end-products promotes asthma pathogenesis through IL-33 and accumulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells -- Full text | PDF
Toll-like receptor (TLR) and Myd88 pathways[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Dec Innate Immune Recognition of Helminths: TLRs and Beyond
- 2024 Sep Expression of Toll-like receptors in Haemonchus Contortus resistant sheep: An innate immune parameter for host defense against gastrointestinal nematode infection
- 2023 Dec 29 Taenia solium excretory secretory proteins (ESPs) suppresses TLR4/AKT mediated ROS formation in human macrophages via hsa-miR-125
- 2023 Oct 10 Ovine MyD88 have active role in host resistance against Haemonchus contortus infection (Preprint)
- 2023 May Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid(EgCF) inhibits the migration and phagocytic function of mouse macrophages induced by LPS via inducing cytoskeletal rearrangement (Chinese)
- 2021 May 17 Ostertagia ostertagi Mediates Early Host Immune Responses via Macrophage and Toll-Like Receptor Pathways
- 2019 Apr 11 TLR Signaling on Protozoan and Helminthic Parasite Infection (Book chapter of Toll-like Receptors)
- 2018 Dec 31 Trichinella Spiralis: Impact on the Expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Gene During the Intestinal Phase of Experimental Trichinellosis
- 2018 Dec 27 Toll-like receptor-2 regulates macrophage polarization induced by excretory-secretory antigens from Schistosoma japonicum eggs and promotes liver pathology in murine schistosomiasis
- 2018 Jul 28 Modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 in Macrophages Following Trichinella Spiralis Infection
- 2018 Feb 1 Small Molecule Analogues of the parasitic worm product ES-62 interact with the TIR domain of MyD88 to inhibit pro-inflammatory signalling
- 2018 Feb The Regulatory Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Secretions of Type 1/Type 2 Relative Cytokines by Splenocytes and Dendritic Cells Exposed to Clonorchis sinensis Excretory/Secretory Products
- 2018 Jan 24 Trichinella spiralis Excretory-Secretory Products Induce Tolerogenic Properties in Human Dendritic Cells via Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4
- 2017 Oct 31 TLR Specific Immune Responses against Helminth Infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 May 3 Interaction Between Helminths and Toll-Like Receptors: Possibilities and Potentials for Asthma Therapy
- 2015 Aug Toll-Like Receptor Gene Expression during Trichinella spiralis Infection
- 2015 Apr TLR2-dependent amelioration of allergic airway inflammation by parasitic nematode type II MIF in mice
- 2014 Sep 15 MyD88 signaling inhibits protective immunity to the gastrointestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus
- 2014 Jul 10 Development of fatal intestinal inflammation in MyD88 deficient mice co-infected with helminth and bacterial enteropathogens -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Mar TLR2- and 4-independent immunomodulatory effect of high molecular weight components from Ascaris suum
- 2012 Aug 24 Does helminth activation of toll-like receptors modulate immune response in multiple sclerosis patients? Full text | PDF
- 2011 Nov 1 Cestode antigens induce a tolerogenic-like phenotype and inhibit LPS inflammatory responses in human dendritic cells
- 2009 Activation and regulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) by helminth parasites -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Dec Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen-mediated modulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced activation occurs independently of TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Apr 16 Lower expression of TLR2 and SOCS-3 is associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection and with lower risk for allergic reactivity in children living in a rural area in Ghana
- 2003 Nov Essential role for TLR4 and MyD88 in the development of chronic intestinal nematode infection -- Full text
see Antagonist of TLR4 signaling pathway below
Suppressor Of Cytokine Signalling 3 (socs3)[edit | edit source]
- 2017 Sep Intestinal epithelial suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) impacts on mucosal homeostasis in a model of chronic inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Suppressor Of Cytokine Signalling 3 (socs3) Impacts On Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation During Intestinal Helminth Infection
See also
- 2024 Mar 13 Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Focus on the Role of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Proteins -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Nov Aberrant expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) molecules contributes to the development of allergic diseases
- 2012 Jan The role of SOCS3 signaling in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-related carcinogenesis (Thesis)
- 2011 May Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins and JAK/STAT pathways: regulation of T-cell inflammation by SOCS1 and SOCS3 -- Full text
Hemostatic system[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Mar 10 Hidden in plain sight: How helminths manage to thrive in host blood -- Full text
- 2022 Jul 14 Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review -- Full text
Resistin and Resistin-like (Relmα,Relmβ)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov Single cell transcriptomic profiling of RELMα-regulated adipose macrophage and eosinophil subsets in diet-induced obesity
- 2025 Nov Helminth infection-induced Resistin-Like Molecule Alpha (RELMα) protects from diet-induced obesity
- 2025 Oct 16 RELMβ in intestinal helminth infection: Mechanisms and research advances
- 2025 May 8 Macrophage-Derived Relmα Promotes Lung Tissue Repair Following Helminth Infection In a Murine Model (Capstone Project)
- 2023 Oct 13 Myeloid- and epithelial-derived RELMα contribute to tissue repair following lung helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Sep 25 Choline metabolism underpins macrophage IL-4 polarization and RELMα up-regulation in helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 May 2 RELMα-expressing macrophages protect against fatal lung damage and reduce parasite burden during helminth infection
- 2018 Dec 4 B Cells Produce the Tissue-Protective Protein RELMα during Helminth Infection, which Inhibits IL-17 Expression and Limits Emphysema -- Full text
- 2018 Dec Immunoregulatory Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of Hookworm Infection (Thesis)
- 2018 Oct Here, there and everywhere: Resistin-like molecules in infection, inflammation, and metabolic disorders -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Oct Hematopoietic cell-derived RELMα regulates hookworm immunity through effects on macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Mar Human Resistin Regulates Immunity to Helminths and Sepsis (Thesis)
- 2016 Jul RELMs in the Realm of Helminths
- 2016 Mar 24 Comparison of RELMα and RELMβ Single- and Double-Gene-Deficient Mice Reveals that RELMα Expression Dictates Inflammation and Worm Expulsion in Hookworm Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Jan 8 Macrophage-derived human resistin is induced in multiple helminth infections and promotes inflammatory monocytes and increased parasite burden -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Apr Retnla (Relmα/Fizz1) Suppresses Helminth-Induced Th2-Type Immunity -- Full text | PDF
Host antimicrobial protein (AMP)[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Jan 12 Helminths are positively AMPing up gut de-bugging -- Full text
- ✅ 2021 Nov 5 Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF (Science)
- 2009 Oct 24 Expulsion of Trichuris muris is associated with increased expression of angiogenin 4 in the gut and increased acidity of mucins within the goblet cell -- Full text | PDF
Angiopoietin-like proteins (AGPTLs)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Sep 30 Circulating Angiopoietin-like proteins in Strongyloides Stercoralis infection and reversal following treatment -- Full text | PDF
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Jun Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, enhances long-term potentiation and spatial memory and improves resistance to direct infection in mouse offspring -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2024 May 10 Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring -- Full text | [14]
- 2022 Jun 13 Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection enhances spatial memory of uninfected juvenile mouse pups -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Oct 20 Parasite-Derived Excretory-Secretory Products Alleviate Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Improve Cognitive Impairment Induced by a High-Fat Diet -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Oct 5 IL-4R alpha deficiency influences hippocampal-BDNF signaling pathway to impair reference memory -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Dec 19 Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) in multiple sclerosis patients with Trichuris suis ova therapy -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 May 10 Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4 -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Aug Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells
See also
- 2025 Mar 29 Relationship Between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Multiple Intelligence Profiles
- 2021 Mar Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Serum And Intelligence Levels of Elementary School Children in Rural Areas, Seluma Regency
Intrinsic enteric neurons[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov Type 2 cytokines act on enteric sensory neurons to promote parasitic host defense
- 2025 Oct 30 Regional encoding of enteric nervous system responses to microbiota and type 2 inflammation (Science) (Press Release: Gut Neurons Decoded: New Study Reveals How Food Allergies and Microbes Rewire Gut Neuronal Responses)
- 2025 Jul 17 Type 2 cytokines act on enteric sensory neurons to regulate neuropeptide-driven host defense (Science)
- 2025 Feb 11 Bi-directional communication between intrinsic enteric neurons and ILC2s inhibits host defense against helminth infection
- 2017 Sep 14 Neuronal regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells via neuromedin U -- Full text | PDF (Nature)
See also
- 2025 Dec Neuroepithelial VIP-VIPR1 interactions differentially control enteric type 1 and type 2 immunity
- 2025 Jul 2 Gut sensory neurons as regulators of neuro-immune-microbial interactions: from molecular mechanisms to precision therapy for IBD/IBS -- Full text | PDF
Neuromedin U (NMU)[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Apr 19 Moniezia benedeni infection enhances neuromedin U (NMU) expression in sheep (Ovis aries) small intestine -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Sep 14 Neuronal regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells via neuromedin U -- Full text | PDF (Nature)
Gasdermin C-mediated type 2 immunity[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Oct 14 Gasdermin C cleavage by Cathepsin S modulates Rab7 vesicles in intestinal epithelial cells to amplify anti-helminth immunity -- Full text (Comment Cutting the Gordian knot: Untangling gasdermin C from pyroptosis)
- 2024 May 14 Intraepithelial mast cells drive gasdermin C-mediated type 2 immunity -- Full text
- 2022 Apr 12 Epithelial STAT6 O-GlcNAcylation drives a concerted anti-helminth alarmin response dependent on tuft cell hyperplasia and Gasdermin C -- Full text | PDF
C-type lectins pathway[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Apr 5 Echinococcus multilocularis Calreticulin Inhibits Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation by Directly Binding to Mannose-Binding Lectin
- 2023 Feb 8 IL-4 and helminth infection downregulate MINCLE-dependent macrophage response to mycobacteria and Th17 adjuvanticity -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Oct 21 Macrophage Gal/GalNAc lectin 2 (MGL2)+ peritoneal antigen presenting cells during Fasciola hepatica infection are essential for regulatory T cell induction
- 2018 Dec Dectin-1 on macrophages modulates the immune response to Fasciola hepatica products through the ERK signaling pathway
- 2018 Aug Human dendritic cell sequestration onto the Necator americanus larval sheath during ex-sheathing: a possible mechanism for immune privilege
- 2017 Nov 29 The Mannose Receptor in Regulation of Helminth-Mediated Host Immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 May The Dectin-2 family of C-type lectin-like receptors: an update -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Jan 27 Parasitic Infections: A Role for C-Type Lectins Receptors -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Sep Schistosoma mansoni egg glycoproteins and C-type lectins of host immune cells: molecular partners that shape immune responses
- 2011 Jul C-type lectins on macrophages participate in the immunomodulatory response to Fasciola hepatica products -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Aug 17 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of multivalent neoglycoconjugates carrying the helminth glycan antigen LDNF -- Full text
- 2005 Mar Macrophage galactose-type C-type lectins as novel markers for alternatively activated macrophages elicited by parasitic infections and allergic airway inflammation
See also "Helminth C-type lectins", below.
Prostaglandin pathways[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Apr 29 High-mannose glycans from Schistosoma mansoni eggs are important for priming of Th2 responses via Dectin-2 and prostaglandin E2 -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Oct Prostaglandin regulation of type 2 inflammation: From basic biology to therapeutic interventions -- Full text | PDF
Neprilysin alias Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and Substance P[edit | edit source]
- 2003 Oct Neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) downregulates the onset of intestinal inflammation in the nematode infected mouse -- Full text | PDF
See also
- 2020 Aug Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Feb Substance P and the regulation of inflammation in infections and inflammatory bowel disease
- 2012 The immuneregulator role of neprilysin (NEP) in invertebrates
- 2009 Aug Increased pain and neurogenic inflammation in mice deficient of neutral endopeptidase
- 2008 Jul Inhibition of neutral endopeptidase potentiates neutrophil activation during Mg-deficiency in the rat -- Full text | PDF
- 2001 Aug Deletion of neutral endopeptidase exacerbates intestinal inflammation induced by Clostridium difficile toxin A -- Full text
- 2000 Aug Substance P is a determinant of lethality in diet-induced hemorrhagic pancreatitis in mice
- 1999 Sep 28 Neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) terminates colitis by degrading substance P -- Full text | PDF
- 1993 Apr Downregulation of neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) in the inflamed rat intestine
[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Jun 14 The role of Nrf2 signaling in parasitic diseases and its therapeutic potential -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jun 23 Nrf2 Participates in M2 Polarization by Trichinella spiralis to Alleviate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice -- Full text | PDF
Apoptosis[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Aug 8 Hymenolepis diminuta Infection Affects Apoptosis in the Small and Large Intestine
- 2021 Aug Management of cell death in parasitic infections
- 2020 Nov Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory/secretory products trigger apoptosis and S-phase arrest of the non-small-cell lung cancer line A549
- 2020 Apr 27 The influence of selected gastrointestinal parasites on apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Nov 29 Interactions between hydatid cyst and regulated cell death may provide new therapeutic opportunities
- 2017 Nov Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression
- 2017 Oct Excretory-secretory product of third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae induces apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- 2017 Feb 7 Anti-apoptotic effects of Sonic hedgehog signalling through oxidative stress reduction in astrocytes co-cultured with excretory-secretory products of larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis
- 2013 Jun 21 Nematode-derived proteins suppress proliferation and cytokine production of antigen-specific T cells via induction of cell death
- 2013 Jan 1 Cell apoptosis induced by hookworm antigens: a strategy of immunomodulation
- 2012 Dec The antiapoptotic activity of Heligmosomoides polygyrus antigen fractions
- 2007 Oct Heligmosomoides polygyrus: decreased apoptosis in fast responder FVB mice during infection
- 2007 Jun Reduced apoptosis in BALB/c mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus
- 2007 Apr An increase in epithelial cell apoptosis is associated with chronic intestinal nematode infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2005 Apoptosis, a protective mechanism for pathogens and their hosts (Polish)
- 2004 Jun Manipulation of apoptosis in the host-parasite interaction
- 2004 Apoptosis in the regulation of immune response in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Polish)
- 2002 Aug Up-regulation of Fas (CD95) and induction of apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells by nematode-derived molecules -- Full text | PDF
- 2002 Jan Activation of caspases in intestinal villus epithelial cells of normal and nematode infected rats -- Full text | PDF
- 2000 Jan The human hookworm pathogen Necator americanus induces apoptosis in T lymphocytes
Autophagy[edit | edit source]
- 2021 Feb 18 Effects of Trichinella spiralis and its excretory/secretory products on autophagy of host muscle cells in vivo and in vitro
- 2020 Jun 1 The excretory/secretory products of fifth-stage larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces autophagy via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in mouse brain astrocytes
Complement pathway[edit | edit source]
- 2019 Mar 20 Complement Evasion: An Effective Strategy That Parasites Utilize to Survive in the Host
- 2009 Subversion of complement by hematophagous parasites
See also Serpins, calreticulin, paramyosin below
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)[edit | edit source]
- 2011 Dec Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection is associated with lower MHC class II gene expression in Apodemus flavicollis: indication for immune suppression?
- 1994 Oct 1 Adult worm homogenate of the nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus induces proliferation of naive T lymphocytes without MHC restriction
MicroRNAs (host)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jul 24 Characterization of microRNA Expression Profiles of Murine Female Genital Tracts Following Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Co-Infection
- 2025 The role of microRNAs in host–parasite interactions: mechanisms, examples and translational potential (Book chapter of The role of microRNAs for diagnosis and regulation of parasitic infections)
- 2023 Dec 29 Taenia solium excretory secretory proteins (ESPs) suppresses TLR4/AKT mediated ROS formation in human macrophages via hsa-miR-125
- 2021 Oct 9 Identification and Expression Profiling of Circulating MicroRNAs in Serum of Cysticercus pisiformis-Infected Rabbits
- 2021 Jul Inhibition of miR-99a-5p prevents allergen-driven airway exacerbations without compromising type-2 memory responses in the intestine following helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec Host miR-148 regulates a macrophage-mediated immune response during Schistosoma japonicum infection
- 2019 May 14 Taenia crassiceps-Excreted/Secreted Products Induce a Defined MicroRNA Profile that Modulates Inflammatory Properties of Macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Feb MicroRNA-mediated regulation of immune responses to intestinal helminth infections
- 2016 Jun 28 MicroRNAs in the regulation of alternatively activated macrophages (Thesis)
- 2012 Dec 27 Helminth excreted/secreted antigens repress expression of LPS-induced Let-7i but not miR-146a and miR-155 in human dendritic cells
NcRNAs (Host)[edit | edit source]
Extracellular vesicles (host)[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Mar 10 Proteomic Analysis of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles From Mice With Echinococcus granulosus at Different Infection Stages and Their Immunomodulatory Functions
- 2021 Aug Parasite worm antigens instruct macrophages to release immunoregulatory extracellular vesicles -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Sep 14 Exosomes Derived from Dendritic Cells Treated with Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis
Excretory/secretory (E/S) products[edit | edit source]
MicroRNAs (helminths)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Mar 27 A secreted helminth microRNA suppresses gastrointestinal cell differentiation required for innate immunity -- Full text | PDF
- Gastrointestinal nematodes exploit a host miRNA regulatory network to suppress host innate responses, promote tissue regeneration and establish a favourable environment for chronic infection
- 2025 The role of microRNAs in host–parasite interactions: mechanisms, examples and translational potential (Book chapter of The role of microRNAs for diagnosis and regulation of parasitic infections)
- 2024 Dec 29 Unraveling the microRNAs Involved in Fasciolosis: Master Regulators of the Host-Parasite Crosstalk
- 2024 Apr 5 The Role of Host microRNAs and Helminth-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Trichuris muris (Mouse Whipworm) Infection (Thesis)
- 2023 Jul 25 Cysticercus pisiformis-derived novel-miR1 targets TLR2 to inhibit the immune response in rabbits -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Dec 25 microRNAs: Critical Players during Helminth Infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Feb 10 Developmental Regulation and Functional Prediction of microRNAs in an Expanded Fasciola hepatica miRNome
- 2021 Mar 24 Fasciola hepatica hijacks host macrophage miRNA machinery to modulate early innate immune responses
- 2021 Isolation and Analysis of MicroRNAs from Extracellular Vesicles of the Parasitic Model Nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichuris muris (Book chapter of Parasite Genomics)
- 2020 Jan 7 Schistosomal extracellular vesicle-enclosed miRNAs modulate host T helper cell differentiation -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Nov 16 Conservation of a microRNA cluster in parasitic nematodes and profiling of miRNAs in excretory-secretory products and microvesicles of Haemonchus contortus -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Apr 3 RNA-mediated communication between helminths and their hosts: The missing links -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Nov 25 Exosomes secreted by nematode parasites transfer small RNAs to mammalian cells and modulate innate immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Mar 24 microRNAs of parasitic helminths - Identification, characterization and potential as drug targets -- Full text
See also
- 2025 Dec 18 Cross-kingdom RNAi: A universal mechanism of inter-organismal communication with many unknowns -- Full text
NcRNAs (helminths)[edit | edit source]
Extracellular vesicles (Helminths)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Dec 5 The increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and induced apoptosis in human macrophages treated by Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid extracellular vesicles -- Full text
- 2025 Jul 11 Trichinella spiralis-derived extracellular vesicles induce regulatory T cells and reduce airway allergy in mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 May Trichinella spiralis extracellular vesicles induce anti-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses in vitro
- 2025 Jan 21 Extracellular vesicles from fifth-stage larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis upregulate cholesterol biosynthesis and suppress NLRP2-associated inflammatory responses in mouse astrocytes
- 2025 Jan Helminth extracellular vesicles co-opt host monocytes to drive T cell anergy -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Oct 28 Roles of helminth extracellular vesicle-derived let-7 in host-parasite crosstalk -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Oct Unraveling new players in helminth pathology: extracellular vesicles from Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum exert different effects on hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes
- 2024 Jul 26 Progress on the Regulation of the Host Immune Response by Parasite-Derived Exosomes
- 2024 Apr 5 The Role of Host microRNAs and Helminth-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Trichuris muris (Mouse Whipworm) Infection (Thesis)
- 2024 Jan 12 Proteomic differences between extracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicle-depleted excretory/secretory products of barber's pole worm -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Dec An exploration of parasite-microbiota interactions in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract and insights into the antibacterial role of helminth excretory-secretory products
- 2023 Oct 19 Guidelines for the purification and characterization of extracellular vesicles of parasites -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Sep Global profiling of miRNA and protein expression patterns in rabbit peritoneal macrophages treated with exosomes derived from Taenia pisiformis cysticercus
- 2023 Apr Extracellular vesicles from the trematodes Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum trigger different responses in human THP-1 macrophages
- 2023 Mar 15 Proteomic characterization of extracellular vesicles released by third stage larvae of the zoonotic parasite Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae)
- 2023 Jan 16 Secretion of extracellular vesicles during ontogeny of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus
- 2023 Jan Special considerations for studies of extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths: A community-led roadmap to increase rigour and reproducibility -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Sep Parasitic helminths and the host microbiome - a missing 'extracellular vesicle-sized' link? -- Full text
- 2022 Aug Emerging roles for extracellular vesicles in Schistosoma infection
- 2022 Jun 23 Extracellular vesicles from Trichinella spiralis: Proteomic analysis and protective immunity
- 2022 Jun 3 Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles From Fasciola hepatica Hatching Eggs and Juveniles in Culture
- 2021 Sep Helminth extracellular vesicles: Interactions with the host immune system -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jun Overview of the interaction of helminth extracellular vesicles with the host and their potential functions and biological applications -- Full text
- 2021 Apr Extracellular vesicles secreted by model tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta: biogenesis, ultrastructure and protein composition
- 2021 Mar 18 Extracellular Vesicles: Schistosomal Long-Range Precise Weapon to Manipulate the Immune Response
- 2021 Mar Proteomic approaches to drive advances in helminth extracellular vesicle research
- 2021 Feb 23 Identification of Different Extracellular Vesicles in the Hydatid Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus and Immunomodulatory Effects of 110 K EVs on Sheep PBMCs
- 2021 Jan Extracellular vesicles derived from Trichinella spiralis prevent colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization
- 2020 Oct 5 Proteomic analysis of plasma exosomes from Cystic Echinococcosis patients provides in vivo support for distinct immune response profiles in active vs inactive infection and suggests potential biomarkers
- 2020 Aug Unique glycan and lipid composition of helminth-derived extracellular vesicles may reveal novel roles in host-parasite interactions
- 2020 Aug The protein and microRNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths - current status and research priorities -- Full text
- 2020 Aug Helminth extracellular vesicles: great balls of wonder
- 2020 Aug Development of caecaloids to study host-pathogen interactions: new insights into immunoregulatory functions of Trichuris muris extracellular vesicles in the caecum -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Aug Diversity of extracellular vesicles from different developmental stages of Fasciola hepatica
- 2020 Jul 14 Fluorescent Labeling of Helminth Extracellular Vesicles Using an In Vivo Whole Organism Approach -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May 25 Extracellular Vesicle-Contained microRNA of C. elegans as a Tool to Decipher the Molecular Basis of Nematode Parasitism -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Jun 19 Characterization of exosome-like vesicles derived from Taenia pisiformis cysticercus and their immunoregulatory role on macrophages
- 2020 Apr 28 Isolation and Functions of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Parasites: The Promise of a New Era in Immunotherapy, Vaccination, and Diagnosis -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec Extracellular vesicles derived from Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid from patients: isolation, characterization and evaluation of immunomodulatory functions on T cells
- 2019 Oct Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae release extracellular vesicles with immunomodulatory properties
- 2019 May 7 Schistosoma mansoni-Derived Lipids in Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Agonists for Eosinophillic Tissue Repair
- 2019 Feb 14 Exploration of extracellular vesicles from Ascaris suum provides evidence of parasite-host cross talk -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 A new level of complexity in parasite-host interaction: The role of extracellular vesicles
- 2019 Jan 15 Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Communication Within Host-Parasite Interactions
- 2018 Dec Helminth extracellular vesicles in host-parasite interactions
- 2018 May 29 Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles -- Full text
- 2018 May 23 Extracellular Vesicles From the Helminth Fasciola hepatica Prevent DSS-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in a T-Lymphocyte Independent Mode -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Apr 30 Hookworm Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Interact With Host Cells and Prevent Inducible Colitis in Mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Mar Extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths and their potential utility as vaccines
- 2018 Parasitic Worm EVs: From Vaccines to Anti-inflammatories
- 2016 Dec Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis in Helminths: More than One Route to the Surface?
- 2016 Jul Host parasite communications-Messages from helminths for the immune system: Parasite communication and cell-cell interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 May 13 Molecular characterization of S. japonicum exosome-like vesicles reveals their regulatory roles in parasite-host interactions
- 2015 Oct Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles: The New Communicators in Parasite Infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Jan Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles in host-pathogen interactions - Full text | PDF
- 2012 Extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths contain specific excretory/secretory proteins and are internalized in intestinal host cells -- Full text | PDF
See also
- 2021 Jul 8 Extracellular vesicles-mediated interaction within intestinal microenvironment in inflammatory bowel disease -- Full text | PDF
Antagonist of TLR3 and TLR4 signaling pathway[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Aug 27 Opisthorchis viverrini Helminth Defense Molecule: Structural features, molecular interactions, and dual immunomodulatory roles -- Full text
- 2025 Jul 18 Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Fh15 as an Antagonist of TLR4 Downregulating the Activation of NF-κB, Inducible Nitric Oxide, Phagosome Signaling Pathways, and Oxidative Stress of LPS-Stimulated Macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Sep 27 Excretory/secretory proteins inhibit host immune responses by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathway: A possible mechanism of immune evasion in parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Dec 22 Recombinant Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Biotherapeutic Drug in an Acute Gram-Negative Nonhuman Primate Sepsis Model -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jul 14 Recombinant Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein suppresses toll-like receptor stimulation in response to multiple bacterial ligands -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Apr 15 Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein inhibits TLR4 activation and suppresses the inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in vitro and in vivo -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Feb A parasitic helminth-derived peptide that targets the macrophage lysosome is a novel therapeutic option for autoimmune disease -- Full text
- 2013 Nov Helminth-excreted/secreted products are recognized by multiple receptors on DCs to block the TLR response and bias Th2 polarization in a cRAF dependent pathway -- Full text
- 2011 May 12 A family of helminth molecules that modulate innate cell responses via molecular mimicry of host antimicrobial peptides -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Jan 29 Helminth cysteine proteases inhibit TRIF-dependent activation of macrophages via degradation of TLR3 -- Full text | PDF
Antagonist of RAGE signaling pathway[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Aug Strongyloides venezuelensis-derived venestatin ameliorates asthma pathogenesis by suppressing receptor for advanced glycation end-products-mediated signaling -- Full text
- 2021 Jun 3 Venestatin from parasitic helminths interferes with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-mediated immune responses to promote larval migration -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Nov Characterization of the RAGE-binding protein, Strongyloides venestatin, produced by the silkworm-baculovirus expression system
Inhibitor of MAP Kinase (MAPK) pathway[edit | edit source]
Transforming Growth Factor-β mimic (TGM, TGF-β mimic)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Dec Molecular engineering of the helminth TGF-β mimetics, TGM1 and TGM4 reveals a novel antagonist of TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts (Accepted for Publication)
- 2025 Dec 18 Structural and functional analysis of the TGF-β mimic, TGM-2: an immunomodulatory helminth protein -- Full text
- 2025 Apr 29 Cytokines from parasites: manipulating host responses by molecular mimicry -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Feb 21 TGM6 is a helminth secretory product that mimics TGF-β binding to TGFBR2 to antagonize signaling in fibroblasts -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jan The TGF-β mimic TGM4 achieves cell specificity through combinatorial surface co-receptor binding -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Dec 28 Molecular and biological characterization of transforming growth factor-β homolog derived from Trichinella spiralis -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Aug 23 Helminth protein enhances wound healing by inhibiting fibrosis and promoting tissue regeneration -- Full text | PDF (Also reported by Advanced Science News. [15]) (Wound healing)
- 2024 Apr Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Its Helminth-Derived Mimic Attenuate the Heart's Inflammatory Response to Ischemic Injury and Reduce Mature Scar Size -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Nov 15 The helminth TGF-β mimic TGM4 is a modular ligand that binds CD44, CD49d and TGF-β receptors to preferentially target myeloid cells -- Full text | PDF (Preprint)
- 2023 Sep 4 Convergent Evolution in a Murine Intestinal Parasite Rapidly Created the TGM Family of Molecular Mimics to Suppress the Host Immune Response -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Aug 22 CD44 acts as a coreceptor for cell-specific enhancement of signaling and regulatory T cell induction by TGM1, a parasite TGF-β mimic -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jan 18 Protection from T cell-dependent colitis by the helminth-derived immunomodulatory mimic of transforming growth factor-β, Hp-TGM -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Oct 4 Identification and expression of a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) homologue in the tropical liver fluke Fasciola gigantica -- Full text
- 2022 Oct Suppression of airway allergic eosinophilia by Hp-TGM, a helminth mimic of TGF-β -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jun 27 Suppression of airway allergic eosinophilia by Hp-TGM, a helminth mimic of TGF-β
- 2022 Jun Convergent evolution of a parasite-encoded complement control protein-scaffold to mimic binding of mammalian TGF-β to its receptors, TβRI and TβRII
- 2020 Jan 24 Evaluation of Intestinal Helminth Modulation of Host Immune Responses -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2021 Nov 10 Oral delivery of a functional algal-expressed TGF-β mimic halts colitis in a murine DSS model -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Sep Induction of stable human FOXP3+ Tregs by a parasite-derived TGF-β mimic -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Sep The parasite cytokine mimic Hp-TGM potently replicates the regulatory effects of TGF-β on murine CD4+ T cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May 8 Expansion of Host Regulatory T Cells by Secreted Products of the Tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Apr TGF-β mimic proteins form an extended gene family in the murine parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Nov 23 A structurally distinct TGF-β mimic from an intestinal helminth parasite potently induces regulatory T cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Nov 2 A Trematode Parasite Derived Growth Factor Binds and Exerts Influences on Host Immune Functions via Host Cytokine Receptor Complexes -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Oct 25 Helminth secretions induce de novo T cell Foxp3 expression and regulatory function through the TGF-β pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2007 Regulation of the immune response in BALb/c mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Polish)
- 2006 Aug The role of TGF-beta in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus
- 2001 Jul Immune evasion genes from filarial nematodes
See also TGF-β above
Helminth antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jul-Aug Antimicrobial peptides in nematode secretions - Unveiling biotechnological opportunities for therapeutics and beyond -- Full text
- 2025 Interaction of antimicrobial peptides with bacterial membranes revealed by microscale thermophoresis
- 2025 Revealing the membrane related mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptide TSO8 from Taenia solium and its fragments
- 2024 Apr 10 Structural and functional analyses of nematode-derived antimicrobial peptides support the occurrence of direct mechanisms of worm-microbiota interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Sep 6 Exploring the antimicrobial peptidome of nematodes through phylum-spanning in silico analyses highlights novel opportunities for pathogen control -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jul 31 Novel integrated computational AMP discovery approaches highlight diversity in the helminth AMP repertoire -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jun Identification and characterisation of antimicrobial peptides in parasitic helminths -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2022 Oct 2 Excretory-secretory products from the brown stomach worm, Teladorsagia circumcincta, exert antimicrobial activity in in vitro growth assays -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 May A family of helminth molecules that modulate innate cell responses via molecular mimicry of host antimicrobial peptides -- Full text | PDF
SCP/TAPS proteins[edit | edit source]
- 2020 May 26 Comprehensive analysis of the secreted proteome of adult Necator americanus hookworms -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 May-Jun Hookworm SCP/TAPS protein structure--A key to understanding host-parasite interactions and developing new interventions -- PDF
Helminth defense molecules (HDMs)[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Apr 5 The helminth-derived peptide, FhHDM-1, reverses the trained phenotype of NOD bone-marrow-derived macrophages and regulates proinflammatory responses -- Full text (diabetes)
- 2023 Oct Modulation of macrophage metabolism and function by the helminth peptide FhHDM-1 -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2020 Jul 9 Schistosoma mansoni immunomodulatory molecule Sm16/SPO-1/SmSLP is a member of the trematode-specific helminth defence molecules (HDMs) -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec 1 Sm16, A Schistosoma mansoni Immunomodulatory Protein, Fails to Elicit a Protective Immune Response and Does Not Have an Essential Role in Parasite Survival in the Definitive Host -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 May 26 Delineating distinct heme-scavenging and -binding functions of domains in MF6p/helminth defense molecule (HDM) proteins from parasitic flatworms -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jan The immune modulatory peptide FhHDM-1 secreted by the helminth Fasciola hepatica prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting endolysosomal acidification in macrophages -- Full text
- 2015 Jan 6 Sm16, a major component of Schistosoma mansoni cercarial excretory/secretory products, prevents macrophage classical activation and delays antigen processing -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Jul 11 Cathelicidin-like helminth defence molecules (HDMs): absence of cytotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-protozoan activities imply a specific adaptation to immune modulation -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Nov A helminth cathelicidin-like protein suppresses antigen processing and presentation in macrophages via inhibition of lysosomal vATPase -- Full text
- 2011 May A family of helminth molecules that modulate innate cell responses via molecular mimicry of host antimicrobial peptides -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Mar The Schistosoma mansoni protein Sm16/SmSLP/SmSPO-1 assembles into a nine-subunit oligomer with potential To inhibit Toll-like receptor signaling -- Full text | PDF
- 2000 Apr 30 Cloning and expression of a gene encoding Sm16, an anti-inflammatory protein from Schistosoma mansoni
Thioredoxin peroxidase[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Nov 18 Regulation of piglet T-cell immune responses by thioredoxin peroxidase from Cysticercus cellulosae excretory-secretory antigens -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 May 5 Autonomous Non Antioxidant Roles for Fasciola hepatica Secreted Thioredoxin-1 and Peroxiredoxin-1 -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sep 25 Trichinella spiralis Thioredoxin Peroxidase 2 Regulates Protective Th2 Immune Response in Mice by Directly Inducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Nov 14 Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) promotes the alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2005 Jan Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Fasciola hepatica induces the alternative activation of macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2001 Feb Schistosome infection stimulates host CD4(+) T helper cell and B-cell responses against a novel egg antigen, thioredoxin peroxidase -- Full text | PDF
Hpb alarmin release inhibitor (HpARI) and Hpb binds alarmin receptor and inhibits (HpBARI)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 May 27 Vaccination against helminth IL-33 modulators permits immune-mediated parasite ejection -- Full text
- 2024 Jun 19 Structural basis for IL-33 recognition and its antagonism by the helminth effector protein HpARI2 -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Oct 17 HpARI Protein Secreted by a Helminth Parasite Suppresses Interleukin-33 -- Full text | PDF (Allergy, asthma)
Kunitz type protease inhibitor[edit | edit source]
See below Serine and Cysteine protease inhibitors
- 2025 Jul 8 Functional characterization of a common XIa inhibitory Kunitz-domain Shp4 from nine schistosoma secreted proteins with diverse C-terminal fragments
- 2024 Jun 5 The monodomain Kunitz protein EgKU-7 from the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus is a high-affinity trypsin inhibitor with two interaction sites
- 2023 Jul 15 Design of ion channel blocking, toxin-like Kunitz inhibitor peptides from the tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus, with potential anti-cancer activity
- 2021 Dec 18 Bioinformatic comparison of Kunitz protease inhibitors in Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and E. multilocularis and the genes expressed in different developmental stages of E. granulosus s.s
- 2021 Mar Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and proliferation in macrophages by Kunitz-type inhibitors from Echinococcus granulosus
- 2019 Nov 7 Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the canine tapeworm as a potential therapeutic for melanoma
- 2018 Aug 31 Kunitz type protease inhibitor EgKI-1 from the canine tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus as a promising therapeutic against breast cancer
- 2017 Feb 13 Functional diversity of secreted cestode Kunitz proteins: Inhibition of serine peptidases and blockade of cation channels
- 2015 Dec 8 Cloning and Characterization of Two Potent Kunitz Type Protease Inhibitors from Echinococcus granulosus
- 2015 Dec A novel coagulation inhibitor from Schistosoma japonicum
- 2015 Aug 4 Functional expression of a novel Kunitz type protease inhibitor from the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni
- 2009 Sep 17 A family of diverse Kunitz inhibitors from Echinococcus granulosus potentially involved in host-parasite cross-talk
Serine Protease Inhibitor (Serpins)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Dec Immunoregulation mediated by the enzyme inhibitory activity of helminth-derived serine protease inhibitor affects the protective efficiency of vaccines -- Full text
- 2025 Jan 11 Effects of Trichinella spiralis and its serine protease inhibitors on intestinal mucosal barrier function
- 2022 Jan 10 Fasciola hepatica is refractory to complement killing by preventing attachment of mannose binding lectin (MBL) and inhibiting MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) with serpins -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Mar 1 The Anti-Inflammatory Immune Response in Early Trichinella spiralis Intestinal Infection Depends on Serine Protease Inhibitor-Mediated Alternative Activation of Macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 26 An atypical and functionally diverse family of Kunitz-type cysteine/serine proteinase inhibitors secreted by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatic -- Full text | Full text | PDF
- 2020 Aug 6 Fasciola hepatica serine protease inhibitor family (serpins): Purposely crafted for regulating host proteases -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Nov 19 Regulatory effect of two Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitors on the host's immune system
- 2017 Sep 21 Recombinant Trichinella pseudospiralis Serine Protease Inhibitors Alter Macrophage Polarization In Vitro
- 2016 Aug Molecular characterization of serine protease inhibitor isoform 3, SmSPI, from Schistosoma mansoni
- 2016 Mar 30 High-level expression and characterization of two serine protease inhibitors from Trichinella spiralis
- 2015 Jul 28 ANISERP: a new serpin from the parasite Anisakis simplex -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Dec 8 Fasciola hepatica Kunitz type molecule decreases dendritic cell activation and their ability to induce inflammatory responses -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Jul 14 Characterisation of a secretory serine protease inhibitor (SjB6) from Schistosoma japonicum
- 2009 Feb Identification and characterization of a serine protease inhibitor of Paragonimus westermani
- 2001 Jul Molecular cloning and characterization of a serine proteinase inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis
See also
Cysteine protease inhibitors Cystatins[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jul 8 Ascaris Lumbricoides Cystatin Impairs IL-1β Maturation and CD14 Expression in Human Monocytes -- Full text
- 2025 Jun 5 PD-1-dependent therapeutic effect of Trichinella spiralis cystatin on myocardial infarction in a mice model -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jun Schistosoma japonicum cystatin attenuated CLP-induced sepsis in mice though inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (Chinese)
- 2025 Jan 20 Schistosoma japonicum cystatin has protective effects against "two-hit" sepsis in mice by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment (Chinese)
- 2025 Jan 7 Cystatin from the helminth Ascaris lumbricoides upregulates mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways and immunomodulatory genes in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jun 20 Recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin alleviates acute liver injury in mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis (Chinese)
- 2023 Oct 10 Protective effect of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin against acute kidney injury associated with acute liver failure in mice (Chinese)
- 2023 Jul 18 Cystatins from the Human Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini: Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Mar 1 Type I Cystatin Derived from Fasciola gigantica Suppresses Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Responses -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Mar An evolutionary molecular adaptation of an unusual stefin from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica redefines the cystatin superfamily -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Aug Trichinella spiralis cystatin alleviates polymicrobial sepsis through activating regulatory macrophages -- Full text
- 2022 Apr Molecular Characteristics and Potent Immunomodulatory Activity of Fasciola hepatica Cystatin -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Feb 24 Schistosoma japonicum Cystatin Alleviates Sepsis Through Activating Regulatory Macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 26 An atypical and functionally diverse family of Kunitz-type cysteine/serine proteinase inhibitors secreted by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatic -- Full text | Full text | PDF
- 2020 Aug 24 Protective effect of recombinant adult serine protease inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in mice (Chinese)
- 2020 May 30 Parasite Cystatin: Immunomodulatory Molecule with Therapeutic Activity against Immune Mediated Disorders -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May 18 Therapeutic efficacy of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in a mouse model
- 2020 Apr 1 A novel cystatin derived from Trichinella spiralis suppresses macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Mar 25 Polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages induced by recombinant Trichinella spiralis cysteine protease inhibitors in vitro (Chinese)
- 2019 Sep 27 Ascaris lumbricoides Cystatin Prevents Development of Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model -- Full text | PDF (But also see the details here regarding the potentially adverse effects of infection with ascaris lumbricoides.)
- 2017 Nov 15 Differential immunomodulation in human monocytes versus macrophages by filarial cystatin
- 2017 Sep 18 Characterization of a secreted cystatin of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus and its immune-modulatory effect on goat monocytes -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jul 4 Modulation of goat monocyte function by HCcyst-2, a secreted cystatin from Haemonchus contortus -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 May 8 Therapeutic effect of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on bacterial sepsis in mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Mar 10 A recombinant cystatin from Ascaris lumbricoides attenuates inflammation of DSS-induced colitis
- 2016 Aug 25 The Helminth-Derived Immunomodulator AvCystatin Reduces Virus Enhanced Inflammation by Induction of Regulatory IL-10+ T Cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Jan 4 Therapeutic potential of recombinant cystatin from Schistosoma japonicum in TNBS-induced experimental colitis of mice - Full text | PDF
- 2015 Oct Brugia malayi cystatin therapeutically ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice
- 2015 Feb 15 A novel regulatory macrophage induced by a helminth molecule instructs IL-10 in CD4+ T cells and protects against mucosal inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Apr 29 Structural basis for the immunomodulatory function of cysteine protease inhibitor from human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Dec 6 Functional and molecular characteristics of a helminth immunomodulator-induced suppressive macrophage population (Thesis)
- 2011 Sep Parasitic helminth cystatin inhibits DSS-induced intestinal inflammation via IL-10(+)F4/80(+) macrophage recruitment -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Jan 6 A helminth immunomodulator exploits host signaling events to regulate cytokine production in macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Jan 29 Helminth cysteine proteases inhibit TRIF-dependent activation of macrophages via degradation of TLR3 -- Full text | PDF
- 2007 May Immunomodulatory peptide from cystatin, a natural cysteine protease inhibitor, against leishmaniasis as a model macrophage disease -- Full text | PDF
- 2002 Sep Immunomodulatory properties of cystatins -- Full text | Full text
- 2002 Feb Litomosoides sigmodontis cystatin acts as an immunomodulator during experimental filariasis
- 2001 Feb Molecular cloning of a cystatin from parasitic intestinal nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
See also
Cysteine protease[edit | edit source]
- 2022 Sep 9 Cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Aug 23 Cysteine proteases as digestive enzymes in parasitic helminths
- 2009 Mar 15 Proteolytic degradation of hemoglobin in the intestine of the human hookworm Necator americanus
- 2008 Aug A family of cathepsin B cysteine proteases expressed in the gut of the human hookworm, Necator americanus
Echinococcus antigen B[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 3 Echinococcus granulosus antigen B ameliorates myocardial infarction through promoting M2 macrophage polarization -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Mar 18 Modulatory actions of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B on macrophage inflammatory activation
- 2022 Apr-Jun Anticancer Activity of Hydatid Cyst Fluid along with Antigen B on Tumors Induced by 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell in a BALB/c Mice Model
- 2018 Sep Antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus is a novel ligand for C-reactive protein
- 2016 Feb 4 Echinococcus granulosus Antigen B binds to monocytes and macrophages modulating cell response to inflammation
- 2015 Mar 13 Lipid-free antigen B subunits from echinococcus granulosus: oligomerization, ligand binding, and membrane interaction properties
- 2015 Feb Echinococcus granulosus antigen B: a Hydrophobic Ligand Binding Protein at the host-parasite interface
- 2012 May 15 Characterisation of the native lipid moiety of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B
- 2010 Aug 10 The Echinococcus granulosus antigen B gene family comprises at least 10 unique genes in five subclasses which are differentially expressed
- 2008 Oct Molecular cross-talk in host-parasite relationships: the intriguing immunomodulatory role of Echinococcus antigen B in cystic echinococcosis
- 2008 Aug Recombinant subunits as tools for the structural and functional characterization of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B
- 2007 Apr Echinococcus granulosus antigen B impairs human dendritic cell differentiation and polarizes immature dendritic cell maturation towards a Th2 cell response
- 2006 Recent advances in characterization of Echinococcus antigen B
Fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins (FARs) and Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Oct 13 Characterization and ligand binding properties of a fatty acid- and retinol- binding protein (Hp-FAR-2) from Heligmosomoides polygyrus -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jul 18 Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Fh15 as an Antagonist of TLR4 Downregulating the Activation of NF-κB, Inducible Nitric Oxide, Phagosome Signaling Pathways, and Oxidative Stress of LPS-Stimulated Macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 May 29 Fh15 Reduces Colonic Inflammation and Leukocyte Infiltration in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mouse Model -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jan 17 Nb-FAR-1: A key developmental protein affects lipid droplet accumulation and cuticle formation in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jul 10 Análisis funcional de proteínas que unen ácidos grasos y retinol (FAR) pertenecientes al phylum Nematoda (Thesis) (Spanish)
- 2023 Jul 10 Fatty acid- and retinol-binding protein 6 does not control worm fatty acid content in Caenorhabditis elegans but might play a role in Haemonchus contortus parasitism -- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10334587/pdf/13071_2023_Article_5836.pdf PDF
- 2022 May 26 Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein 1 Modulates T cell Polarization by Promoting Dendritic Cell Thrombospondin-1 Secretion Without Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis in Obese Mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Apr 21 The FAR protein family of parasitic nematodes -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Dec 22 Recombinant Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Biotherapeutic Drug in an Acute Gram-Negative Nonhuman Primate Sepsis Model -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Dec Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein (Fh12) induces apoptosis and tolerogenic properties in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Oct 29 Parasitic nematode fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins compromise host immunity by interfering with host lipid signaling pathways -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Sep 17 Novel Functions of the Fatty Acid and Retinol Binding Protein (FAR) Gene Family Revealed by Fungus-Mediated RNAi in the Parasitic Nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Aug 30 Genus-level evolutionary relationships of FAR proteins reflect the diversity of lifestyles of free-living and parasitic nematodes -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Oct HcFAR, a functional inhibitor of goat TGF-β1 identified from excretory and secretory products of Haemonchus contortus
- 2020 Purification of Native Fasciola hepatica Fatty Acid-Binding Protein and Induction of Alternative Activation of Human Macrophages (Book chapter of Fasciola hepatica: Methods and Protocols)
- 2019 Aug 26 Fatty Acid and Retinol-Binding Protein: Unusual Protein Conformational and Cavity Changes Dictated by Ligand Fluctuations -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Oct Biochemical and structural characterisation of human phosphatidylinositol transfer protein Nir2 and American hookworm lipid binding protein Na-FAR-1 (Thesis)
- 2017 Jul 14 Recombinant Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein suppresses toll-like receptor stimulation in response to multiple bacterial ligands -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Nov 1 Diversity in the structures and ligand-binding sites of nematode fatty acid and retinol-binding proteins revealed by Na-FAR-1 from Necator americanus -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Apr 15 Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein inhibits TLR4 activation and suppresses the inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in vitro and in vivo -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Dec Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding protein induces the alternative activation of human macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Apr ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁵N chemical shift assignments of Na-FAR-1, a helix-rich fatty acid and retinol binding protein of the parasitic nematode Necator americanus -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Mar 20 Estudio biofísico y estructural de Na-FAR-1, miembro de una nueva familia de proteínas de nematodos que unen ácidos grasos y retinol (Thesis) (Spanish)
- 2012 Jul 1 Two crystal forms of a helix-rich fatty acid- and retinol-binding protein, Na-FAR-1, from the parasitic nematode Necator americanus -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Dec 18 Fatty acid- and retinoid-binding proteins have distinct binding pockets for the two types of cargo -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Dec Characterisation of a fatty acid and retinol binding protein orthologue from the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Nov The complexity of the secreted NPA and FAR lipid-binding protein families of Haemonchus contortus revealed by an iterative proteomics-bioinformatics approach
- 2009 Sep Identification of a secreted fatty acid and retinol-binding protein (Hp-FAR-1) from Heligmosomoides polygyrus -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 May The role of fatty acid binding proteins in the pathobiology of the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Thesis)
Platelet inhibitor[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Jan 27 Isolation and identification of hookworm platelet inhibitor NaHPI1 from Necator americanus (Chinese)
- 2020 Jun Effect of Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworm platelet inhibitor on platelet adhesion and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation
- 2020 Jan Identification and localization of hookworm platelet inhibitor in Ancylostoma ceylanicum
- 2003 Jul Isolation and molecular cloning of a secreted hookworm platelet inhibitor from adult Ancylostoma caninum
Helminth Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Apr Immunomodulation of streptozotocin induced Type 1 diabetes mellitus in mouse model by Macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2) homologue of human lymphatic filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti
- 2020 Modulation of the Gastrointestinal Immune Environment by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factors (MIF) and Helminth-Derived Cytokine Homologues of MIF (Thesis)
- 2017 May Structural characterization of As-MIF and hJAB1 during the inhibition of cell-cycle regulation
- 2015 Apr TLR2-dependent amelioration of allergic airway inflammation by parasitic nematode type II MIF in mice
- 2014 May Ostertagia ostertagi macrophage migration inhibitory factor is present in all developmental stages and may cross-regulate host functions through interaction with the host receptor
- 2012 Nov Molecular and functional characterization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) homolog of human from lymphatic filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti
- 2012 Mar Characterization of a secreted macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologue of the parasitic nematode Strongyloides acting at the parasite-host cell interface
- 2011 May Amelioration of intestinal colitis by macrophage migration inhibitory factor isolated from intestinal parasites through toll-like receptor 2
- 2009 Jun 1 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor homologs of anisakis simplex suppress Th2 response in allergic airway inflammation model via CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell recruitment
- 2007 Aug 10 Structural and functional characterization of a secreted hookworm Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) that interacts with the human MIF receptor CD74 -- Full text | PDF
- 1998 Dec Filarial nematode parasites secrete a homologue of the human cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor
See Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) below
Uridine[edit | edit source]
- 2025 May 5 Protective effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis- derived uridine via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in a mouse model of TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jun 8 Anti-Inflammatory Responses Produced with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-Derived Uridine via the Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel and Its Anti-Atherosclerosis Effect in an Apolipoprotein E Gene Knockout Mouse Model -- Full text | PDF
Glycans[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Dec Glycan Complexity and Heterogeneity of Glycoproteins in Somatic Extracts and Secretome of the Infective Stage of the Helminth Fasciola hepatica -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Oct Cytokine production and signalling in human THP-1 macrophages is dependent on Toxocara canis glycans
- 2016 Apr 22 Fasciola hepatica Surface Coat Glycoproteins Contain Mannosylated and Phosphorylated N-glycans and Exhibit Immune Modulatory Properties Independent of the Mannose Receptor -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Dec 31 Glycans from Fasciola hepatica Modulate the Host Immune Response and TLR-Induced Maturation of Dendritic Cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Aug 28 Glycoconjugates in host-helminth interactions
- 2012 Nov Immunomodulatory glycan LNFPIII alleviates hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance through direct and indirect control of metabolic pathways -- Full text | PDF
- 2004 Jan Immune biasing by helminth glycans -- Full text
See also
- 2008 Sep The immunomodulatory glycan LNFPIII initiates alternative activation of murine macrophages in vivo -- Full text | PDF
Helminthic glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Mar Helminths target macrophage epigenetics and metabolism to evade immunity
- 2024 Dec 6 A helminth enzyme subverts macrophage-mediated immunity by epigenetic targeting of prostaglandin synthesis
- 2024 Oct 28 Biological characteristics and functions of a novel glutamate dehydrogenase from Trichinella spiralis -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 May 4 A Good Day for Helminths: how parasite-derived GDH suppresses inflammatory responses -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 May 4 Helminthic dehydrogenase drives PGE2 and IL-10 production in monocytes to potentiate Treg induction -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 A helminth glutamate dehydrogenase targets eicosanoid pathways to modulate type-2 immunity
- 2020 Apr 22 An anti-inflammatory eicosanoid switch mediates the suppression of type-2 inflammation by helminth larval products
Hookworm Anti-inflammatory protein (AIP) alias Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP)[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Therapeutic potential of hookworm proteins in promoting regulatory immune responses to modulate Trypanosoma cruzi induced liver inflammation and oxidative stress -- PDF
- 2023 Oct 12 Immunomodulatory proteins from hookworms reduce cardiac inflammation and modulate regulatory responses in a mouse model of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jan 15 Na-AIP-1 secreted by human hookworms suppresses collagen-induced arthritis
- 2021 Jun A netrin domain-containing protein secreted by the human hookworm Necator americanus protects against CD4 T cell transfer colitis -- Full text
- 2017 Oct 6 Suppression of inflammation and tissue damage by a hookworm recombinant protein in experimental colitis -- Full text | PDF (NA)
- 2016 Oct 26 Hookworm recombinant protein promotes regulatory T cell responses that suppress experimental asthma
- 2013 May 30 TIMPs of parasitic helminths - a large-scale analysis of high-throughput sequence datasets -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Apr 22 Ancylostoma ceylanicum excretory-secretory protein 2 adopts a netrin-like fold and defines a novel family of nematode proteins -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 May 19 The hookworm tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (Ac-TMP-1) modifies dendritic cell function and induces generation of CD4 and CD8 suppressor T cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2008 Dec Molecular cloning and characterization of Ac-TMP-2, a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase secreted by adult Ancylostoma caninum -- Full text
- 2002 Mar Molecular cloning and purification of Ac-TMP, a developmentally regulated putative tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease released in relative abundance by adult Ancylostoma hookworms
- 2000 Dec 1 Eotaxin is specifically cleaved by hookworm metalloproteases preventing its action in vitro and in vivo
See also
- 2010 Jan The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs): an ancient family with structural and functional diversity -- Full text | PDF
T-Cell immunomodulatory protein (TIP)[edit | edit source]
- 2014 Jan 2 EmTIP, a T-Cell immunomodulatory protein secreted by the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is important for early metacestode development -- Full text | PDF
Helminth C-type lectins[edit | edit source]
- 2021 Aug 14 Lectin-Mediated Bacterial Modulation by the Intestinal Nematode Ascaris suum -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jul 20 Identification and preliminary characterization of Hc-clec-160, a novel C-type lectin domain-containing gene of the strongylid nematode Haemonchus contortus
- 2017 Jan 4 The Distribution of Lectins across the Phylum Nematoda: A Genome-Wide Search -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Dec C-type lectins from the nematode parasites Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis -- Full text
- 2007 Apr Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens are internalized by human dendritic cells through multiple C-type lectins and suppress TLR-induced dendritic cell activation
- 2002 Feb Na-ctl-2, a cDNA encoding a C-type lectin expressed exclusively in adult Necator americanus hookworms -- Full text
- 2000 Aug Helminth C-type lectins and host-parasite interactions
See also "C-type lectins pathway", above.
Galectins[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Dec 19 In-Silico and Functional Characterisation of Nematode Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 -- PDF
- 2024 Oct 10 A Novel Trichinella spiralis Galectin Strengthens the Macrophage ADCC Killing of Larvae via Driving M1 Polarization
- 2024 Feb 19 Structural basis for T cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein 3 and Toxascaris leonina galectin complex
- 2024 Jan 3 Galectin from Trichinella spiralis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Dec The protective immunity induced by Trichinella spiralis galectin against larval challenge and the potential of galactomannan as a novel adjuvant
- 2023 Nov 27 Trichinella spiralis galectin binding to toll-like receptor 4 induces intestinal inflammation and mediates larval invasion of gut mucosa
- 2022 Aug 11 Secreted filarial nematode galectins modulate host immune cells
- 2022 Jun 3 Immunomodulatory components of Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products with lactose-binding specificity -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 May The interaction of host and nematode galectins influences the outcome of gastrointestinal nematode infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Feb 17 Galectins - Important players of the immune response to CNS parasitic infection
- 2020 Jan 9 Galectin Domain Containing Protein from Haemonchus contortus Modulates the Immune Functions of Goat PBMCs and Regulates CD4+ T-Helper Cells In Vitro -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Jan Brugia malayi galectin 2 is a tandem-repeat type galectin capable of binding mammalian polysaccharides
- 2018 Oct Comparative characterization of two galectins excreted-secreted from intestine-dwelling parasitic versus free-living females of the soil-transmitted nematode Strongyloides
- 2018 Aug 2 Molecular characterization of Trichinella spiralis galectin and its participation in larval invasion of host's intestinal epithelial cells
- 2018 Jan The roles of galectins in parasitic infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Dec 2 Structural Basis for Carbohydrate Recognition and Anti-inflammatory Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasite Toxascaris leonina Galectin
- 2016 Jun 23 Transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147): another partner protein of Haemonchus contortus galectin on the goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Apr 9 Transmembrane protein 63A is a partner protein of Haemonchus contortus galectin in the regulation of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Jul 23 Galectin Hco-gal-m from Haemonchus contortus modulates goat monocytes and T cell function in different patterns
- 2014 Feb 26 Transcriptional and proteomic analysis reveal recombinant galectins of Haemonchus contortus down-regulated functions of goat PBMC and modulation of several signaling cascades in vitro
- 2013 Feb Structure of full-length Toxascaris leonina galectin with two carbohydrate-recognition domains
- 2010 Nov Inhibition of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation via enhanced IL-10 and TGF-beta production by galectin-9 homologues isolated from intestinal parasites
Aspartic Protease and aspartic protease inhibitor[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Dec 8 Aspartic protease 2 from Trichinella spiralis excretion/secretion products hydrolyzes tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jan Molecular characterization of a novel aspartyl protease-1 from Trichinella spiralis
- 2015 Mar 15 Comparative genomic analysis of aspartic proteases in eight parasitic platyhelminths: insights into functions and evolution
- 2009 Jun Expression and characterization of aspartic protease gene in eggs and larvae stage of Ancylostoma caninum
- 2003 Feb 1 Hookworm aspartic protease, Na-APR-2, cleaves human hemoglobin and serum proteins in a host-specific fashion
- 2003 Feb Hookworm cathepsin D aspartic proteases: contributing roles in the host-specific degradation of serum proteins and skin macromolecules
- 2002 Sep Cleavage of hemoglobin by hookworm cathepsin D aspartic proteases and its potential contribution to host specificity
Cathepsin B-like Protease[edit | edit source]
- 2021 Nov 19 Immune reactivity and host modulatory roles of two novel Haemonchus contortus cathepsin B-like proteases -- Full text | PDF
Aspartyl protease inhibitors[edit | edit source]
- 2023 Sep 1 Discovery of new Schistosoma mansoni aspartyl protease inhibitors by structure-based virtual screening -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Dec Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of aspartyl protease inhibitor from Ancylostoma ceylanicum
- 2017 Apr 19 Characterization of a novel aspartyl protease inhibitor from Haemonchus contortus -- Full text | PDF
- 2005 Mar Cloning and characterisation of an aspartyl protease inhibitor (API-1) from Ancylostoma hookworms
Glutathione S-transferase[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Jan 11 Fasciola hepatica GST mu-class suppresses the cytokine storm induced by E. coli-lipopolysaccharide, whereas it modulates the dynamic of peritoneal macrophages in a mouse model and suppresses the classical activation of macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Mar 22 Molecular characterization of a novel GSTO2 of Fasciola hepatica and its roles in modulating murine macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Dec 24 Safety of P28GST, a Protein Derived from a Schistosome Helminth Parasite, in Patients with Crohn's Disease: A Pilot Study (ACROHNEM) -- Full text (see also 08/12/2021 Compréhension du mécanisme d'action de la P28GST dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires auto-immunes (Thesis, in French)
- 2019 Dec Glutathione-S-transferase of Trichinella spiralis regulates maturation and function of dendritic cells
- 2018 Dec 28 Treatment with P28GST, a schistosome-derived enzyme, after acute colitis induction in mice: Decrease of intestinal inflammation associated with a down regulation of Th1/Th17 responses
- 2016 Mar The schistosome glutathione S-transferase P28GST, a unique helminth protein, prevents intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis through a Th2-type response with mucosal eosinophils -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Apr Molecular cloning, biochemical characterization, and partial protective immunity of the heme-binding glutathione S-transferases from the human hookworm Necator americanus -- Full text | PDF
- 1995 Jun Glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression in the human hookworm Necator americanus: potential roles for excretory-secretory forms of GST
Chitinase[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jan 13 Characterization of a chitinase from Trichinella spiralis and its immunomodulatory effects on allergic airway inflammation in mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Nov A Helminth-Derived Chitinase Structurally Similar to Mammalian Chitinase Displays Immunomodulatory Properties in Inflammatory Lung Disease -- Full text | PDF
HSP60 and SJMHE1 peptide[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Nov 11 Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via macrophage migrasome-derived miR-26b-5p targeting the PTEN/AKT axis -- Full text | Full text
- 2023 Jun 6 Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 ameliorates allergic symptoms and responses in mice with allergic rhinitis -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Mar 21 SJMHE1 protects against excessive iodine-induced pyroptosis in human thyroid follicular epithelial cells through a toll-like receptor 2-dependent pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Sep 6 Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 inhibits acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Mar 15 Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 promotes peripheral nerve repair through a macrophage-dependent mechanism -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Jun 4 A Biological and Immunological Characterization of Schistosoma Japonicum Heat Shock Proteins 40 and 90α -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Oct SjHSP60 induces CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs via TLR4-Mal-drived production of TGF-β in macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Sep 29 Heat Shock Protein 60 in Eggs Specifically Induces Tregs and Reduces Liver Immunopathology in Mice with Schistosomiasis Japonica -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Nov CD4+CD25+ Treg induction by an HSP60-derived peptide SJMHE1 from Schistosoma japonicum is TLR2 dependent -- Full text
- 2019 Nov Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 suppresses airway inflammation of allergic asthma in mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Mar Inhibition of cytokine response to TLR stimulation and alleviation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Mar 12 Schistosoma japonicum HSP60-derived peptide SJMHE1 suppresses delayed-type hypersensitivity in a murine model -- Full text | PDF
Sj16[edit | edit source]
- 2021 Dec 14 Recombinant protein Schistosoma japonicum-derived molecule attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by inhibiting miRNA-217-5p to alleviate apoptosis -- Full text | PDF
Trichinella spiralis 53-kDa[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Oct 22 Regulation of dendritic cell immune function and maturation by the recombinant antigen p53 of Trichinella spiralis -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 May Protective effects of recombinant 53-kDa protein of Trichinella spiralis on acute lung injury in mice via alleviating lung pyroptosis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization
- 2016 May Protective effects of recombinant trichinella spiralis-53 000 protein combining with imipenem on polymicrobial septic mice (Chinese)
- 2015 Oct 1 Effect of rTsP53 on the M1/M2 activation of bone-marrow derived macrophage in vitro
- 2014 Aug Recombinant Trichinella spiralis-53000 protein alleviates liver damage due to lipopolysaccharides via M2 macrophage activation (Chinese)
- 2014 Mar-Apr Regulation of recombinant Trichinella spiralis 53-kDa protein (rTsP53) on alternatively activated macrophages via STAT6 but not IL-4Rα in vitro
- 2011 Oct The protective effect of the recombinant 53-kDa protein of Trichinella spiralis on experimental colitis in mice
Trichinella spiralis p53[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jul 8 The immunomodulatory p43 secreted protein of Trichuris whipworm parasites is a lipid carrier that binds signalling lipids and precursors -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jan 17 Alleviation of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inducing IDO Expression with Trichinella spiralis Recombinant Protein 43
Phosphorylcholine-containing glycoproteins ES-62[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Jan 31 The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects against collagen-induced arthritis by resetting the gut-bone marrow axis in a microbiome-dependent manner -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Aug 29 The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects the osteoimmunology axis in a mouse model of obesity-accelerated ageing -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Nov 8 Suppression of inflammatory arthritis by the parasitic worm product ES-62 is associated with epigenetic changes in synovial fibroblasts -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Nov 1 Role of the ES-62 protein derived from Acanthocheilonema viteae in regulation of immune dysregulation diseases: a review (Chinese)
- 2019 Apr 5 The parasitic worm product ES-62 normalises the gut microbiota bone marrow axis in inflammatory arthritis -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Oct 17 Failure of the Anti-Inflammatory Parasitic Worm Product ES-62 to Provide Protection in Mouse Models of Type I Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- Full text
- 2018 May 14 Protection Against Arthritis by the Parasitic Worm Product ES-62, and Its Drug-Like Small Molecule Analogues, Is Associated With Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Mar 14 IL-33/ST2 signalling and crosstalk with FcεRI and TLR4 is targeted by the parasitic worm product, ES-62
- 2016 Nov 21 The helminth product, ES-62 modulates dendritic cell responses by inducing the selective autophagolysosomal degradation of TLR-transducers, as exemplified by PKCδ -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Oct Exploiting the helminth-derived immunomodulator, ES-62 and its small molecule analogues to dissect the mechanisms underpinning the development of the pathogenic phenotype of synovial fibroblasts in autoimmune arthritis -- PDF (thesis)
- 2016 Jan 14 The parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator, ES-62 and its drug-like small molecule analogues exhibit therapeutic potential in a model of chronic asthma -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 The effect of small molecule analogues of the immunomodulatory helminth product ES-62 on denritic cell responses -- PDF (thesis)
- 2015 Nov Drug-like analogues of the parasitic worm-derived immunomodulator ES-62 are therapeutic in the MRL/Lpr model of systemic lupus erythematosus -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Jun Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with a synthetic analogue of a parasitic worm product prevents experimental arthritis and inhibits IL-1β production via NRF2-mediated counter-regulation of the inflammasome -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Apr The parasitic worm product ES-62 targets myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent effector mechanisms to suppress antinuclear antibody production and proteinuria in MRL/lpr mice -- Full text | PDF (A worm-derived immunomodulator protects against kidney damage in lupus/SLE)
- 2015 Apr From the worm to the pill, the parasitic worm product ES-62 raises new horizons in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Mar The immunomodulatory parasitic worm product ES-62 reduces lupus-associated accelerated atherosclerosis in a mouse model -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Jul Lessons from helminth infections: ES-62 highlights new interventional approaches in rheumatoid arthritis -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Jun ES-62 protects against collagen-induced arthritis by resetting interleukin-22 toward resolution of inflammation in the joints -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Mar-Apr ES-62, a therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent evolved by the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae
- 2013 Dec 27 Designing anti-inflammatory drugs from parasitic worms: a synthetic small molecule analogue of the Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 prevents development of collagen-induced arthritis -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Mar The helminth product, ES-62, protects against airway inflammation by resetting the Th cell phenotype -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Feb 7 Mast Cell Subsets and Their Functional Modulation by the Acanthocheilonema viteae Product ES-62
- 2012 Sep 27 The parasitic helminth product ES-62 suppresses pathogenesis in collagen-induced arthritis by targeting the interleukin-17-producing cellular network at multiple sites -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Mar The therapeutic potential of the filarial nematode-derived immunodulator, ES-62 in inflammatory disease -- Full text | PDF
- 2009 Immunomodulatory activity and therapeutic potential of the filarial nematode secreted product, ES-62
- 2008 Apr The phosphorycholine moiety of the filarial nematode immunomodulator ES-62 is responsible for its anti-inflammatory action in arthritis -- Full text
- 2007 Nov Inhibition of FceRI-mediated mast cell responses by ES-62, a product of parasitic filarial nematodes | PDF
- 2003 Aug 15 A Novel Therapeutic Approach Targeting Articular Inflammation Using the Filarial Nematode-Derived Phosphorylcholine-Containing Glycoprotein ES-62 -- PDF
- 1999 Dec Immunomodulatory properties of a phosphorylcholine-containing secreted filarial glycoprotein
Tuftsin-phopshorylcholine[edit | edit source]
- 2019 Dec 26 Immunomodulation of Murine Chronic DSS-Induced Colitis by Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine -- Full text
- 2019 Oct 24 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (Multiple sclerosis)
- 2019 Mar Helminth-Related Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine Compound and its Interplay with Autoimmune Diseases -- PDF
- 2018 Dec 15 Tuftsin phosphorylcholine-a novel compound harnessing helminths to fight autoimmunity -- Full text
- 2018 Aug 8 Helminths-based bi-functional molecule, tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC), ameliorates an established murine arthritis -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Apr 26 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) equally effective to methylprednisolone in ameliorating lupus nephritis in a mice model -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Dec 30 Tuftsin-phosphorylcholine treatment of autoimmune diseases – a benefit and a message from helminths? (No abstract) -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jul 10 Tuftsin-Phosphorylcholine Maintains Normal Gut Microbiota in Collagen Induced Arthritic Mice
- 2017 Jun Helminthes based novel compound, tuftsin-phosphorylcholine (TPC) ameliorates established murine arthritis (Poster)
- 2016 Apr Novel therapeutic compound tuftsin–phosphorylcholine attenuates collagen-induced arthritis -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Oct 27 Efficacité thérapeutique du composé phosphorylcholine-tuftsin dans un modèle murin de lupus -- PDF (Thesis, in french)
Calreticulin[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Apr 5 Echinococcus multilocularis Calreticulin Inhibits Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation by Directly Binding to Mannose-Binding Lectin
- 2024 Sep 4 Transcriptome profiling of macrophages persistently infected with human respiratory syncytial virus and effect of recombinant Taenia solium calreticulin on immune-related genes
- 2024 Apr 16 Crystal structure of Trichinella spiralis calreticulin and the structural basis of its complement evasion mechanism involving C1q
- 2024 Feb In vitro immunoregulatory role of recombinant Ancylostoma ceylanicum calreticulin
- 2023 Mar 10 The many faces of parasite calreticulin
- 2023 Jan 7 Echinococcus multilocularis Calreticulin Interferes with C1q-Mediated Complement Activation
- 2022 Jun Immunoreactivity of Brugia malayi Calreticulin and Its Domains with Sera of Different Categories of Bancroftian Filarial Patients
- 2020 Nov 19 Trichinella spiralis Calreticulin S-Domain Binds to Human Complement C1q to Interfere With C1q-Mediated Immune Functions
- 2020 Jan In Vitro Employment of Recombinant Taenia solium Calreticulin as a Novel Strategy Against Breast and Ovarian Cancer Stem-like Cells
- 2017 Oct 16 Orally administered Taenia solium Calreticulin prevents experimental intestinal inflammation and is associated with a type 2 immune response -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 May 31 Trichinella spiralis Calreticulin Binds Human Complement C1q As an Immune Evasion Strategy
- 2015 Mar 26 Cytokine, antibody and proliferative cellular responses elicited by Taenia solium calreticulin upon experimental infection in hamsters
- 2014 Sep 3 In silico and in vitro studies on the protein-protein interactions between Brugia malayi immunomodulatory protein calreticulin and human C1q
- 2009 Mar Calreticulin from the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a Th2-skewing protein and interacts with murine scavenger receptor-A
- 2006 Aug Differential expression of calreticulin in developmental stages of Taenia solium
- 2005 Apr The assessment of hookworm calreticulin as a potential vaccine for necatoriasis
- 2004 Aug Cloning, characterization, and functional expression of Taenia solium calreticulin
- 1999 Sep A hookworm allergen which strongly resembles calreticulin
See also
Paramyosin[edit | edit source]
- 2024 Jun 18 Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Modulating CD4+ T Cell Differentiation
- 2022 Aug Mapping of the Complement C9 Binding Region on Clonorchis sinensis Paramyosin
- 2021 Jul 15 Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Induces Colonic Regulatory T Cells to Mitigate Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 2020 Dec 23 Therapeutic Efficacy of a Trichinella Spiralis Paramyosin-Derived Peptide Modified With a Membrane-Targeting Signal in Mice With Antigen-Induced Arthritis
- 2018 Dec 27 Mapping of the complement C1q binding site on Trichinella spiralis paramyosin
- 2016 Nov 15 Identification and characterization of CD4+ T cell epitopes present in Trichinella spiralis paramyosin
- 2016 Nov 4 Trichinella spiralis paramyosin activates mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and induces regulatory T cells
- 2015 Dec 31 Trichinella spiralis Paramyosin Binds Human Complement C1q and Inhibits Classical Complement Activation
- 2014 Jul 4 Monoclonal antibody targeting complement C9 binding domain of Trichinella spiralis paramyosin impairs the viability of Trichinella infective larvae in the presence of complement
- 2014 Feb 24 Mapping of the complement C9 binding domain on Trichinella spiralis paramyosin
- 2011 Jul Trichinella spiralis paramyosin binds to C8 and C9 and protects the tissue-dwelling nematode from being attacked by host complement
- 2009 Dec Molecular cloning and characterization of a paramyosin from Clonorchis sinensis
- 2007 Jan Mapping of the complement C9 binding domain in paramyosin of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni
- 2003 Nov Inhibition of the complement membrane attack complex by Schistosoma mansoni paramyosin
Ascarosides[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Jul 9 Nematode Pheromones as Key Mediators of Behavior, Development, and Ecological Interactions
- 2024 Jul 9 Ascarosides and Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Regulate Host Immune Response in Galleria mellonella Larvae
- 2023 Mar 6 Nematode Pheromones: Structures and Functions
- 2022 Mar 1 Nematode ascarosides attenuate mammalian type 2 inflammatory responses (Comment : 2022 Apr 5 Ascarosides from helminths pack a punch against allergy
- 2022 Feb Influence of the ascarosides on the recovery, yield and dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes
- 2012 Jun 15 A novel ascaroside controls the parasitic life cycle of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
- 2012 May 8 Ascaroside signaling is widely conserved among nematodes
General E/S analysis[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Dec 9 In vitro transcriptome and proteome of Haemonchus contortus larvae exposed to host blood components -- Full text
- 2025 Nov 4 Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis show minimal role for mast cell ST2 in primary Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection -- PDF (Preprint)
- 2025 Sep 22 Proteomic analysis and functional characterization of excretory-secretory products from adult Toxocara canis: insights into parasite-host interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jun 11 Chromosome-Contiguous Ancylostoma duodenale Reference Genome from a Single Archived Specimen Elucidates Human Hookworm Biology and Host-Parasite Interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jun 11 Modulation of the Immune Response by Nematode Derived Molecules -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Feb 3 Exploring the exoproteome of the parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex (s. s.) and its impact on the human host - an in vitro cross-talk proteomic approach -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Feb 3 Hookworm genes encoding intestinal excreted-secreted proteins are transcriptionally upregulated in response to the host's immune system -- Full text | PDF (Preprint)
- 2025 Jan 20 Proteomic characterization and comparison of the infective and adult life stage secretomes from Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Jan 3 A single-cell transcriptome atlas of adult male and female human hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Preprint)
- 2024 Dec Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicle-depleted excretory-secretory products of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati larval cultures -- Full txt
- 2024 Oct 10 Protein profile of extracellular vesicles derived from adult Parascaris spp -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Aug 29 Schistosoma excretory/secretory products: an untapped library of tolerogenic immunotherapeutics against food allergy -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Aug 2 Identifying Novel Helminth Immunomodulatory Molecules -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2024 Jul The Secretome of Adult Murine Hookworms Is Shaped by Host Expression of STAT6 -- Full text -- PDF
- 2024 Mar 1 Multi-omics data elucidate parasite-host-microbiota interactions and resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jan 12 Proteomic differences between extracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicle-depleted excretory/secretory products of barber's pole worm -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Oct 3 Excretory/Secretory Products from Schistosoma japonicum Eggs Alleviate Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Sep 15 The Impact of Intestinal Inflammation on Nematode's Excretory-Secretory Proteome -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Aug 1 Genome-Wide Analysis of Haemonchus contortus Proteases and Protease Inhibitors Using Advanced Informatics Provides Insights into Parasite Biology and Host-Parasite Interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jun 25 Metabolomics and lipidomics studies of parasitic helminths: molecular diversity and identification levels achieved by using different characterisation tools -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jun Intervention effects of Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens on allergic asthma in mice
- 2023 Mar 18 An informatic workflow for the enhanced annotation of excretory/secretory proteins of Haemonchus contortus -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jan 20 Immunomodulators secreted from parasitic helminths act on pattern recognition receptors -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jan 6 Excretory/Secretory Proteome of Females and Males of the Hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Dec Schistosome secretomes
- 2022 Sep 27 Excretory/secretory proteins inhibit host immune responses by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPKs signaling pathway: A possible mechanism of immune evasion in parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Sept 9 Immunomodulatory and biological properties of helminth-derived small molecules: Potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Sep 9 Peptides derived from hookworm anti-inflammatory proteins suppress inducible colitis in mice and inflammatory cytokine production by human cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Sep 6 Novel antiinflammatory biologics shaped by parasite-host coevolution -- Full text | PDF (critique 2022 Sept 13 Does Co-Evolution Explain Helminth Therapy?)
- 2022 Aug 15 Untargeted Multimodal Metabolomics Investigation of the Haemonchus contortus Exsheathment Secretome -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Aug Antigens from the parasitic nematode Trichuris suis induce metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity to constrain inflammatory responses in macrophages | Full text
- 2022 May 21 Identification of excretory and secretory proteins from Haemonchus contortus inducing a Th9 immune response in goats -- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9123704/pdf/13567_2022_Article_1055.pdf PDF
- 2022 Mar 1 Review of the role of parasitic nematode excretory/secretory proteins in host immunomodulation
- 2022 Jan 3 Intestinal epithelial tuft cell induction is negated by a murine helminth and its secreted products -- Full text -- PDF
- 2021 Nov 11 Mining Anti-Inflammation Molecules From Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-Derived Products Through the Metabolomics Approach -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Oct 19 A Complex Proteomic Response of the Parasitic Nematode Anisakis simplex s.s. to Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Oct 13 Proteomics of Host-Helminth Interactions
- 2021 Sep 29 Mining nematode protein secretomes to explain lifestyle and host specificity -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 May 26 Synthetic hookworm-derived peptides are potent modulators of primary human immune cell function that protect against experimental colitis in vivo -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Apr Transcriptome profiling of Cysticercus Pisiformis provides insight into responses to host bile acids
- 2021 Apr Mining Helminths for Novel Therapeutics -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Mar 24 Trichuris trichiura egg extract proteome reveals potential diagnostic targets and immunomodulators -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Dec 30 Schistosome immunomodulators -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Dec 2 The Two Faces of Nematode Infection: Virulence and Immunomodulatory Molecules From Nematode Parasites of Mammals, Insects and Plants -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 23 The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place of Onchocerca volvulus Excretory Secretory Products -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 6 Metabolomes and Lipidomes of the Infective Stages of the Gastrointestinal nematodes, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichuris muris -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov The intestinal milieu influences the immunoproteome of male and female Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri L4 stage -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sep 21 Trichinella spiralis: inflammation modulator
- 2020 Sep 17 Immunomodulation and Immune Escape Strategies of Gastrointestinal Helminths and Schistosomes -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sep 2 Fasciola hepatica-Derived Molecules as Regulators of the Host Immune Response -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Aug The protein and microRNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths - current status and research priorities -- Full text
- 2020 May 26 Comprehensive analysis of the secreted proteome of adult Necator americanus hookworms -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May 14 Harnessing helminth-driven immunoregulation in the search for novel therapeutic modalities -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Mar 14 Twenty-five-year research progress in hookworm excretory/secretory products -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May 13 Proteomic analysis revealed T cell hyporesponsiveness induced by Haemonchus contortus excretory and secretory proteins -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Possible Role for Toll-Like Receptors in Interaction of Fasciola hepatica Excretory-Secretory Products with Human Monocyte Cell Line (Book chapter of Fasciola hepatica: Methods and Protocols)
- 2019 Oct Characterisation of Necator americanus excretory/secretory products -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2019 Jun 28 Metabolomic profiling of the excretory-secretory products of hookworm and whipworm -- Full text
- 2019 May 16 Biological role of excretory-secretory proteins in endemic parasites of Latin America and the Caribbean
- 2019 May Effects of Ascaris and Trichuris antigens on cytokine production in porcine blood mononuclear and epithelial cells -- Full text
- 2019 Apr 25 Transcriptional profiling of innate immune responses in sheep PBMCs induced by Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Apr 16 Qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses of Schistosoma japonicum eggs and egg-derived secretory-excretory proteins -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Mar 25 Hookworm-Derived Metabolites Suppress Pathology in a Mouse Model of Colitis and Inhibit Secretion of Key Inflammatory Cytokines in Primary Human Leukocytes -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Feb Investigating the immunomodulatory properties of the hookworm recombinant secretome (Thesis)
- 2019 Jan Comparative genomics of the major parasitic worms -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Nov 20 Modulation of Host Immunity by Helminths: The Expanding Repertoire of Parasite Effector Molecules
- 2018 Nov 12 Immunoproteomics and Surfaceomics of the Adult Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta -- Full text
- 2018 Oct 31 Activity profiling of peptidases in Angiostrongylus costaricensis first-stage larvae and adult worms -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Oct 29 Analysis of the Trichuris suis excretory/secretory proteins as a function of life cycle stage and their immunomodulatory properties -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jan 10 Tissue-specific transcriptomes of Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) and Anisakis pegreffii reveal potential molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenicity -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Nov Exploring low molecular weight molecules produced by hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum) and their use as anti-inflammatory agents -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2017 Jul De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of the juvenile and adult stages of Fasciola gigantica
- 2017 Mar The genome of Strongyloides spp. gives insights into protein families with a putative role in nematode parasitism -- Full text
- 2016 Sep 27 The hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum intestinal transcriptome provides a platform for selecting drug and vaccine candidates -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Aug 21 Schistosome-Derived Molecules as Modulating Actors of the Immune System and Promising Candidates to Treat Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Jul De novo assembly and characterization of the Trichuris trichiura adult worm transcriptome using Ion Torrent sequencing -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Oct The helminth parasite proteome at the host-parasite interface - Informing diagnosis and control -- Full text
- 2015 Apr The genome and transcriptome of the zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum identify infection-specific gene families -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Feb The unusual lipid binding proteins of parasitic helminths and their potential roles in parasitism and as therapeutic targets -- Full text
- 2014 Jul Whipworm genome and dual-species transcriptome analyses provide molecular insights into an intimate host-parasite interaction -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 May-Jun A proteomic approach to identify proteins from Trichuris trichiura extract with immunomodulatory effects
- 2013 Jan 31 Identification of the major proteins of an immune modulating fraction from adult Fasciola hepatica released by Nonidet P40 -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Dec 13 Helminth secretome database (HSD): a collection of helminth excretory/secretory proteins predicted from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) -- Full text
- 2012 Nov 15 How helminths use excretory secretory fractions to modulate dendritic cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2012 Mar 26 Interface Molecules of Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Their Role in Parasite Survival and Modulation of Host Defenses -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Oct Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma mansoni: identification of common proteins by comparative proteomic analysis -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Oct Proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory products of Heligmosomoides polygyrus assessed with next-generation sequencing transcriptomic information -- full text
- 2011 Aug 24 The transcriptome of Trichuris suis--first molecular insights into a parasite with curative properties for key immune diseases of humans -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Jun 9 Excretory-secretory products from hookworm l(3) and adult worms suppress proinflammatory cytokines in infected individuals -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Aug 24 Proteomic analysis of secretory products from the model gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus reveals dominance of venom allergen-like (VAL) proteins -- Full text | [16]
- 2010 Sep Hookworm (Necator americanus) larval enzymes disrupt human vascular endothelium -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 May 14 Characterizing Ancylostoma caninum transcriptome and exploring nematode parasitic adaptation -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 May 11 Massively parallel sequencing and analysis of the Necator americanus transcriptome -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Hookworms and the vascular endothelium (Thesis)
- 2009 Jan Proteomics analysis of the excretory/secretory component of the blood-feeding stage of the hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum -- Full text
- 2007 Jul Impairment of dendritic cell function by excretory-secretory products: a potential mechanism for nematode-induced immunosuppression -- Full text
- 2005 Feb Excretory/secretory products of sheep abomasal nematode parasites cause vacuolation and increased neutral red uptake by HeLa cells -- Full text
- 2000 Mar The identification and characterization of L(4) excretory/secretory proteins from Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Thesis)
Various E/S[edit | edit source]
- 2026 Jan 13 Crystal structure of Echinococcus multilocularis cystatin B reveals a novel feature in classical stefins
- 2025 Nov Clonorchis sinensis Crude Antigen Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation via Modulation of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jul 29 Plancitoxin-1 mediates extracellular trap evasion by the parasitic helminth Trichinella spiralis -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Nov Excretory-secretory products from adult helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have in vitro bactericidal activity -- Full text
- 2023 Sep 22 Haemonchus contortus HcL6 promoted the Th9 immune response in goat PBMCs by activating the STAT6/PU.1/NF-κB pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Aug 12 A target-based discovery from a parasitic helminth as a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases -- Full text
- 2022 Aug 6 Histidine acid phosphatase domain-containing protein from Haemonchus contortus is a stimulatory antigen for the Th1 immune response of goat PBMCs -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Apr Targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in pancreatic β-cells to enhance their survival and function: An emerging therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Jan 4 The GT1-TPS Structural Domain Protein From Haemonchus contortus Could Be Suppressive Antigen of Goat PBMCs -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Dec 20 In vitro characterization of Haemonchus contortus trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase and its immunomodulatory effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Feb The helminth glycoprotein omega-1 improves metabolic homeostasis in obese mice through type 2 immunity-independent inhibition of food intake -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Nov 17 Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Characteristics of Haemonchus contortus Ephrin Domain Containing Protein in the Parasite-Host Interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sep 25 Trichinella spiralis Thioredoxin Peroxidase 2 Regulates Protective Th2 Immune Response in Mice by Directly Inducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Sep 7 Characterization of a rhodanese homologue from Haemonchus contortus and its immune-modulatory effects on goat immune cells in vitro -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Aug 18 Unveiling the immunomodulatory properties of Haemonchus contortus adhesion regulating molecule 1 interacting with goat T cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Jun 30 A Novel α/β Hydrolase Domain Protein Derived From Haemonchus contortus Acts at the Parasite-Host Interface -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May Recombinant elongation factor 1 alpha of Haemonchus contortus affects the functions of goat PBMCs -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Mar 30 Identification of a novel methyltransferase-type 12 protein from Haemonchus contortus and its effects on functions of goat PBMCs -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Mar 1 Tropomyosin: An Excretory/Secretory Protein from Haemonchus contortus Mediates the Immuno-Suppressive Potential of Goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vitro -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Feb 27 Characterization of Haemonchus contortus Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Feb 12 Hookworms Evade Host Immunity by Secreting a Deoxyribonuclease to Degrade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps -- Full text
- 2019 Nov 14 Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) promotes the alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Nov 2 Succinate Coenzyme A Ligase Beta-Like Protein from Trichinella spiralis Suppresses the Immune Functions of Rat PBMCs in Vitro and Inhibits the Secretions of Interleukin-17 in Vivo -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Jul 9 The helminth-derived peptide GK-1 induces an anti-tumoral CD8 T cell response associated with downregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway (Cancer)
- 2019 Jul Modulation of immune responses by Fasciola hepatica-derived products (Thesis)
- 2019 Jun 4 HcTTR: a novel antagonist against goat interleukin 4 derived from the excretory and secretory products of Haemonchus contortus -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Mar 14 Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 59 of Haemonchus contortus modulates the functions of PBMCs and the differentiation and maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells of goats in vitro -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jul 16 The Serine/Threonine-Protein Phosphatase 1 From Haemonchus contortus Is Actively Involved in Suppressive Regulatory Roles on Immune Functions of Goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Jul SXP-RAL Family Filarial Protein, rWbL2, Prevents Development of DSS-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis -- Full text
- 2018 Mar 6 A recombinant Fasciola gigantica 14-3-3 epsilon protein (rFg14-3-3e) modulates various functions of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Oct 26 Composition of the Schistosoma mansoni worm secretome: Identification of immune modulatory Cyclophilin A
- 2017 Sep 5 The N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of Haemonchus contortus galectin bind to distinct receptors of goat PBMC and contribute differently to its immunomodulatory functions in host-parasite interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Jun 26 Arginine kinase from Haemonchus contortus decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of goat PBMCs in vitro -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 May Study on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathways of small cell lung cancer H446 cells induced by Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae ESPs -- Full text
- 2016 Dec 20 Recombinant Haemonchus contortus 24 kDa excretory/secretory protein (rHcES-24) modulate the immune functions of goat PBMCs in vitro -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Nov A double edged sword: Schistosoma mansoni Sm29 regulates both Th1 and Th2 responses in inflammatory mucosal diseases -- Full text
- 2016 Oct 26 Hookworm recombinant protein promotes regulatory T cell responses that suppress experimental asthma
- 2016 Jun 14 Haemonchus contortus excretory and secretory proteins (HcESPs) suppress functions of goat PBMCs in vitro -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Sep Kv1.3 channel-blocking immunomodulatory peptides from parasitic worms: implications for autoimmune diseases -- Full text
- 2013 Jul-Aug Heligmosomoides polygyrus antigens inhibit the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by overexpression of survivin and Bcl-2 protein in CD4 T cells -- Full text
- 2012 Mar Novel roles of peroxiredoxins in inflammation, cancer and innate immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Apr Characterisation of hookworm heat shock factor binding protein (HSB-1) during heat shock and larval activation -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Dec PAS-1, an Ascaris suum protein, modulates allergic airway inflammation via CD8+γδTCR+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells -- Full text
- 2008 Nov Helminth 2-Cys peroxiredoxin drives Th2 responses through a mechanism involving alternatively activated macrophages -- Full text
- 1999 Sep Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in excretory-secretory products of the human hookworm Necator americanus. An electron paramagnetic spectrometry study -- Full text
- 1999 Apr 30 Ancylostoma secreted protein 2: cloning and characterization of a second member of a family of nematode secreted proteins from Ancylostoma caninum -- Full text
Others yet to be classified[edit | edit source]
- 2026 Parasites as drivers of host diversification, including domestication -- Full text | PDF
- 2025 Nov 25 CD154 restricts helminth-induced macrophage polarization and proliferation while promoting tissue residence (Accepted/In press)
- 2025 Sep 1 Spatial transcriptomics reveals recasting of signalling networks in the small intestine following tissue invasion by the helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Prepint)
- 2025 Jul 24 In vitro immunomodulatory effect of opisthorchis felineus hemozoin on dendritic cells of children with bronchial asthma -- PDF (russian)
- 2025 May RNA-Sequencing in Elucidating Immune Responses to Haemonchus contortus Infection in Small Ruminants: Systematic Review -- Full text | PDFhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12079082/pdf/PIM-47-e70009.pdf
- 2025 Epithelial cytokines in soil-transmitted helminth infections
- 2024 Jul 27 Modulation of the intestinal mucosal and cell-mediated response against natural helminth infection in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jul Genetic and environmental interactions contribute to immune variation in rewilded mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 May 19 Towards a Molecular Understanding of Host Specificity in Hookworm Infections (Thesis)
- 2024 May 15 Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Unveils Dynamic Immune Cell Responses during Haemonchus contortus Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Feb 15 Recruitment and Maintenance of CX3CR1+CD4+ T Cells during Helminth Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Feb Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid inhibits the type I interferon response by promoting ROS in macrophages
- 2024 Jan-Dec Gut microbiota-mediated polyphenol metabolism is restrained by parasitic whipworm infection and associated with altered immune function in mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Dec 28 The Roles of Various Immune Cell Populations in Immune Response against Helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Dec 11 Hookworms dynamically respond to loss of Type 2 immune pressure -- Full text
- 2023 Nov 27 Ancient diversity in host-parasite interaction genes in a model parasitic nematode -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Nov 16 Similarities and divergences in the metabolism of immune cells in cancer and helminthic infections
- 2023 Nov 16 Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid inhibits KDM6B-mediated demethylation of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 and interleukin-1β production in macrophages
- 2023 Sep 12 Metabolic heterogeneity of tissue-resident macrophages in homeostasis and during helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Sep 9 Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid inhibits inflammatory responses through inducing histone demethylase KDM5B in macrophages
- 2023 Jun Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 Macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
- 2022 Dec 8 Trickle infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus results in decreased worm burdens but increased intestinal inflammation and scarring -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Sep 26 Communication is key: Innate immune cells regulate host protection to helminths -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Sep 25 Choline metabolism underpins macrophage IL-4 polarization and RELMα up-regulation in helminth infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2023 Jun Dangerous liaisons: how helminths manipulate the intestinal epithelium
- 2023 May Comparative transcriptomics from intestinal cells of permissive and non-permissive hosts during Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection reveals unique signatures of protection and host specificity -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Nov 27 Infection by a helminth parasite is associated with changes in DNA methylation in the house sparrow
- 2022 Jun “Every cell is an immune cell; contributions of non-hematopoietic cells to anti-helminth immunity” -- Full text | PDF (review)
- 2022 Jun Tissue-specific immunity in helminth infections -- Full text | PDF (review)
- 2022 Jun "Every cell is an immune cell; contributions of non-hematopoietic cells to anti-helminth immunity" -- Full text (review)
- 2021 Nov 16 Small Intestinal Levels of the Branched Short-Chain Fatty Acid Isovalerate Are Elevated during Infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Can Promote Helminth Fecundity
- 2021 Nov 8 Evidence of MHC class I and II influencing viral and helminth infection via the microbiome in a non-human primate -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Aug Gut-microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles: Overlooked mediators in host-helminth interactions?
- 2021 Jun Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting TRAF6 signalling in macrophages
- 2021 May 22 Fasciola gigantica tegumental calcium-binding EF-hand protein 4 exerts immunomodulatory effects on goat monocytes -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Feb Schistosome and intestinal helminth modulation of macrophage immunometabolism -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Feb Organoids - New Models for Host-Helminth Interactions -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Jan Th2 signals are not essential for the anti-arthritic effects of Trichinella spiralis in mice
- 2019 Nov 6 External disturbances impact helminth-host interactions by affecting dynamics of infection, parasite traits, and host immune responses -- Full text | PDF
- 2019 Jun Notch Signaling Orchestrates Helminth-Induced Type 2 Inflammation
- 2019 Mar Androgen-dependent immune modulation in parasitic infection
- 2018 Dec 18 Systemic Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Individuals With Schistosoma mansoni Infection and Low Parasite Burden
- 2018 Oct 12 Immunomodulation by Helminths: Intracellular Pathways and Extracellular Vesicles -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Aug 15 Silent Witness: Dual-Species Transcriptomics Reveals Epithelial Immunological Quiescence to Helminth Larval Encounter and Fostered Larval Development -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Apr 26 Bcl11b is essential for licensing Th2 differentiation during helminth infection and allergic asthma -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Mar 14 Predicting the effects of parasite co-infection across species boundaries -- Full text | PDF
- 2018 Feb 5 The Immune and Non-Immune Pathways That Drive Chronic Gastrointestinal Helminth Burdens in the Wild -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Dec The intestinal nematode inhibits T-cell reactivity by targeting P-GP activity
- 2017 Nov 29 The Mannose Receptor in Regulation of Helminth-Mediated Host Immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Sep Intestinal helminth infection impacts the systemic distribution and function of the naive lymphocyte pool -- Full text
- 2017 Jul 26 Heme-Oxygenase-1 Expression Contributes to the Immunoregulation Induced by Fasciola hepatica and Promotes Infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Feb 7 Anti-apoptotic effects of Sonic hedgehog signalling through oxidative stress reduction in astrocytes co-cultured with excretory-secretory products of larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis
- 2016 Dec Myeloid Cell Phenotypes in Susceptibility and Resistance to Helminth Parasite Infections -- Full text
- 2016 Jul 25 Schistosoma mansoni Tegument (Smteg) Induces IL-10 and Modulates Experimental Airway Inflammation
- 2016 Apr 21 Third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larva excretory secretory antigens modulate function of Fc gamma receptor I-mediated monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture
- 2016 Apr 8 Comprehensive Transcriptome Meta-analysis to Characterize Host Immune Responses in Helminth Infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Feb Expression of growth-related genes in the mouse placenta is influenced by interactions between intestinal nematode (Heligmosomoides bakeri) infection and dietary protein deficiency
- 2016 Jul 1 Type 3 muscarinic receptors contribute to intestinal mucosal homeostasis and clearance of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis through induction of TH2 cytokines - Full text
- 2015 Mar 25 Immune antibodies and helminth products drive CXCR2-dependent macrophage-myofibroblast crosstalk to promote intestinal repair -- Full text | PDF
- 2015 Feb 1 Probing of a human proteome microarray with a recombinant pathogen protein reveals a novel mechanism by which hookworms suppress B-cell receptor signaling (NA)
- 2015 Feb 1 Antibody-mediated trapping of helminth larvae requires CD11b and Fcγ receptor I -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Aug 1 Virus-helminth co-infection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immuno-modulation -- Full text (Science)
- 2014 Feb 14 Helminth Allergens, Parasite-Specific IgE, and Its Protective Role in Human Immunity -- Full text | PDF
- 2014 Feb Chemokines Responses to Ascaris Lumbricoides Sole Infection and Co-infection with Hookworm among Nigerians -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Jul Selenium status alters the immune response and expulsion of adult Heligmosomoides bakeri worms in mice -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 Jan-Feb Evolutionary immune response to conserved domains in parasites and aeroallergens
- 2011 Dec γδ T cells play a protective role during infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis by promoting goblet cell function in the small intestine -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 Apr Angiogenesis and parasitic helminth-associated neovascularization
- 2010 Apr Basophils are transiently recruited into the draining lymph nodes during helminth infection via IL-3 but infection-induced Th2 immunity can develop without basophil lymph node recruitment or IL-3 (also published 2009 Dec 28 Basophils are transiently recruited into the draining lymph nodes during helminth infection via IL-3 but infection-induced Th2 immunity can develop without basophil lymph node recruitment or IL-3 -- Full text)
- 2009 Oct 8 Systems metabolic effects of a necator americanus infection in Syrian hamster
- 2006 Jan Cytokine and chemokine responses in patients co-infected with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Necator americanus and Mansonella perstans and changes after anti-parasite treatment
- 2005 Apr Deficiencies in selenium and/or vitamin E lower the resistance of mice to Heligmosomoides polygyrus infections
- 2005 Host Cytokines and Immune Responses in Pregnancy Associated Transmission of Arrested Hookworm Larvae (Thesis)
- 2003 Jul 1 Investigating the impact of helminth products on immune responsiveness using a TCR transgenic adoptive transfer system
- 2001 Jul Tapeworm infection reduces epithelial ion transport abnormalities in murine dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis
- 1997 Feb A role for the enteric nervous system in the response to helminth infections
- 1995 Nov Anorexia induced by the parasitic nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: effects on NPY and CRF gene expression in the rat hypothalamus
- 1991 Dec Remodeling of B-50 (GAP-43)- and NSE-immunoreactive mucosal nerves in the intestines of rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis -- Full text | PDF
- 1991 Jul Hymenolepis diminuta: changes in the levels of certain intestinal regulatory peptides in infected C57 mice -- Full text
- 1987 Aug Fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in mice infected with the tapeworm Hymenolepis microstoma -- Full text
- 1985 Dec Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: changes in plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones in the infected rat -- Full text
Negative effects of some helminths[edit | edit source]
- 2015 May 7 Not all parasites are protective -- Full text | PDF
Studies of Necator americanus[edit | edit source]
Necator americanus is the most commonly used worm in helminth therapy. Here is an incomplete list of papers about this worm.
- 2026 Jan 7 Hookworm genomic diversity and population structure from accessible sample types: A validated approach to generate genome-wide polymorphism datasets from individual third-stage larvae (Preprint)
- 2025 Dec 19 In-Silico and Functional Characterisation of Nematode Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 -- PDF
- 2025 Jan 20 Proteomic characterization and comparison of the infective and adult life stage secretomes from Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum -- Full text | PDF
- 2024 Jul 16 Controlled human hookworm infection remodels plasmacytoid dendritic cells and regulatory T cells towards profiles seen in natural infections in endemic areas
- 2024 Jun 3 - NA - Public engagement for the conduct of a controlled human infection study testing vaccines against Necator americanus (hookworm) in areas of active hookworm transmission in Brazil
- 2023 Mar 15 Immune profiling, microbiome, metabolomics, and gut physiology of a 1-year controlled human hookworm infection (Preprint)
- 2022 Jul 8 The production of Necator americanus larvae for use in experimental human infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2022 Feb Profiles of CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T cells and circulating cytokines in hookworm-infected children in southern Thailand
- 2022 Investigating Systemic Immune Biomarkers in a Controlled Human Hookworm Infection Model (Master thesis)
- 2020 Nov 9 Dynamics of the bacterial gut microbiota during controlled human infection with Necator americanus larvae -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 May 26 Comprehensive analysis of the secreted proteome of adult Necator americanus hookworms -- Full text | PDF
- 2020 Mar 6 Crude Necator americanus worm extract diminishes pancreatic islets destruction in diabetic non-obese mice (NOD) (preprint)
- 2019 Oct Characterisation of Necator americanus excretory/secretory products -- PDF (Thesis)
- 2019 Aug 9 New Insights Into the Kinetics and Variability of Egg Excretion in Controlled Human Hookworm Infections -- Full text
- 2018 Aug Human dendritic cell sequestration onto the Necator americanus larval sheath during ex-sheathing: a possible mechanism for immune privilege
- 2017 Dec 7 The physicochemical fingerprint of Necator americanus -- Full text | PDF
- 2017 Oct 6 Suppression of inflammation and tissue damage by a hookworm recombinant protein in experimental colitis -- Full text | PDF (NA)
- 2017 Apr 8 Regulatory monocytes in helminth infections: insights from the modulation during human hookworm infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2016 Oct 26 Hookworm recombinant protein promotes regulatory T cell responses that suppress experimental asthma
- 2015 Feb 1 Probing of a human proteome microarray with a recombinant pathogen protein reveals a novel mechanism by which hookworms suppress B-cell receptor signaling
- 2014 Aug Immunology of experimental and natural human hookworm infection
- 2014 Mar Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus -- Full text | PDF
- 2013 May Parasitic infections and immune function: effect of helminth infections in a malaria endemic area -- Full text
- 2013 Jan 1 Cell apoptosis induced by hookworm antigens: a strategy of immunomodulation
- 2012 Jul Generalized urticaria induced by the Na-ASP-2 hookworm vaccine: implications for the development of vaccines against helminths
- 2011 Nov Induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells during human hookworm infection modulates antigen-mediated lymphocyte proliferation -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Sep Hookworm (Necator americanus) larval enzymes disrupt human vascular endothelium -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 May 11 Massively parallel sequencing and analysis of the Necator americanus transcriptome -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Apr Molecular cloning, biochemical characterization, and partial protective immunity of the heme-binding glutathione S-transferases from the human hookworm Necator americanus -- Full text | PDF
- 2010 Hookworms and the vascular endothelium (Thesis)
- 2009 Dec Antigen-driven basophil activation is indicative of early Necator americanus infection in IgE-seronegative patients
- 2009 Oct 8 Systems metabolic effects of a necator americanus infection in Syrian hamster
- 2009 Mar 24 Necator americanus infection: a possible cause of altered dendritic cell differentiation and eosinophil profile in chronically infected individuals -- Full text | PDF (NA)
- 2009 Mar 15 Proteolytic degradation of hemoglobin in the intestine of the human hookworm Necator americanus
- 2009 Mar-Apr Improved insights into the transcriptomes of the human hookworm Necator americanus--fundamental and biotechnological implications
- 2008 Dec Binding of excreted and/or secreted products of adult hookworms to human NK cells in Necator americanus-infected individuals from Brazil
- 2008 Nov-Dec Early stage-specific immune responses in primary experimental human hookworm infection
- 2008 Aug A family of cathepsin B cysteine proteases expressed in the gut of the human hookworm, Necator americanus
- 2008 Jun Development of a model of hookworm infection exhibiting salient characteristics of human infection
- 2008 Apr Necator americanus: the Na-ASP-2 protein secreted by the infective larvae induces neutrophil recruitment in vivo and in vitro -- Full text
- 2008 Jan The evaluation of recombinant hookworm antigens as vaccines in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) challenged with human hookworm, Necator americanus
- 2008 Characterisation of proteases involved in proteolytic degradation of haemoglobin in the human hookworm Necator americanus -- PDF
- 2007 Nov Basophil competence during hookworm (Necator americanus) infection
- 2007 Jul Stage-specific immune responses in human Necator americanus infection -- Full text | PDF
- 2006 Dec The exsheathment of Necator americanus infective larvae -- PDF
- 2006 Dec Intestinal allergy expels hookworms: seeing is believing
- 2006 Aug Allergy controls the population density of Necator americanus in the small intestine
- 2006 May 31 A survey of the intestinal transcriptomes of the hookworms, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma caninum, using tissues isolated by laser microdissection microscopy
- 2005 Nov Immune responses following experimental human hookworm infection
- 2005 Apr The assessment of hookworm calreticulin as a potential vaccine for necatoriasis
- 2005 Feb 1 Immunobiology of hookworm infection
- 2005 Hookworm infections in human and laboratory animals--differences and similarities in immune responses -- PDF
- 2004 Nov The immunoepidemiology of human hookworm infection
- 2004 Aug 15 A secreted protein from the human hookworm necator americanus binds selectively to NK cells and induces IFN-gamma production
- 2004 Aug 1 Immune responses in human necatoriasis: association between interleukin-5 responses and resistance to reinfection -- Full text
- 2004 May Cellular responses and cytokine production in post-treatment hookworm patients from an endemic area in Brazil
- 2003 Nov-Dec Necator americanus: maintenance through one hundred generations in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). II. Morphological development of the adult and its comparison with humans
- 2003 Jan Basophils express a type 2 cytokine profile on exposure to proteases from helminths and house dust mites
- 2002 The Immunobiology of Hookworm Infection (Book chapter of The Geohelminths]
- 2001 Oct Immune responses in hookworm infections -- Full text | PDF
- 2001 Apr Is Necator americanus approaching a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with humans?
- 2000 Apr 10 Genes and genomes of Necator americanus and related hookworms
- 2000 Feb A survey of genes expressed in adults of the human hookworm, Necator americanus -- PDF
- 2000 Jan The human hookworm pathogen Necator americanus induces apoptosis in T lymphocytes
- 1999 Sep Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in excretory-secretory products of the human hookworm Necator americanus. An electron paramagnetic spectrometry study -- Full text
- 1995 Dec Gastrointestinal nematodes: the Karkar experience
- 1995 Nov The specificity of the human IgE response to Necator americanus
- 1993 Jan The detection of autoantibodies to IgE in plasma of individuals infected with hookworm (Necator americanus) and the demonstration of a predominant IgG1 anti-IgE autoantibody response
- 1992 Aug The partial characterization of proteases present in the excretory/secretory products and exsheathing fluid of the infective (L3) larva of Necator americanus
- 1988 Oct Light, long-lasting Necator infection in a volunteer
- 1987 Dec Human hookworm Necator americanus in the intestines of young adult hamsters
- 1982 Aug Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in golden hamsters infected with Necator americanus -- Full text
- 1975 Jun The topographic distribution of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale in the human intestine
- 1967 Oct Experimental infection of rabbits with the human hookworm , Necator americanus
- 1964 Dec Studies on the infection mode of hookworms. experimental infection in human hosts with the infective larvae of Necator americanus or the larvae of Ancylostoma duodenale soaked in human defibrinated blood (Japanese)
- 1964 Oct Studies on the infection mode of hookworms with reference to oral infection in humans with larvae of Necator americanus soaked in human defibrinated blood (Japanese)
- 1960 Jun-Sep The metabolism of vitamin B-12 and folic acid in patients with Necator americanus infection (Spanish)
Studies of Trichuris[edit | edit source]
- 2023 The genome scale metabolic model for Trichuris muris gateway to host pathogen interactions and therapeutic targets (Thesis)
- 2021 Nov Characterisation of Host- Parasite- Microbiota Interactions that Drive Hatching in Trichuris Species (Thesis)
- 2021 Jul 22 Trichuris muris Model: Role in Understanding Intestinal Immune Response, Inflammation and Host Defense -- Full text | PDF
- 2021 Jun 2 The interplay between Trichuris and the microbiota -- Full text | PDF
- 2011 May 24 Trichuris muris infection: a model of type 2 immunity and inflammation in the gut -- Full text | PDF
- 2006 Jul A time course study of immunological responses in Trichuris suis infected pigs demonstrates induction of a local type 2 response associated with worm burden
Comparison of species[edit | edit source]
- 2025 Oct 24 The long and intimate association between humans and parasites through time -- Full text
- 2019 Jul Helminth Therapy - From the Parasite Perspective | PDF
- ... weighing potential cost/benefit ratios of various helminths along with other factors, such as feasibility of production, we argue that the four helminths currently in use for CIAD treatments in humans were selected more by happenstance than by design, and that other candidates not yet tested may prove superior.