Helminthic therapy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.

The scientific evidence

• 2025 Feb 10 Echinococcus granulosus' laminated layer immunomodulates nitric oxide, cytokines, and MMPs in PBMC from rheumatoid arthritis patients

• 2023 Sept Conquering rheumatic diseases: are parasitic worms the answer? -- Full text | PDF

• 2018 Dec 4 Helminth-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

• 2017 Apr Diminished IL-17A levels may protect filarial-infected individuals from development of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus -- Full text

• 2017 Parasites in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Imminent Threat or Protective Effect?

• 2016 Jun 26 Intestinal parasites infection: protective effect in rheumatoid arthritis? -- Full text | PDF

• 2016 Jun 7 Th2 and eosinophil responses suppress inflammatory arthritis -- Full text | PDF (summary here Mice infected with a parasite show reduced symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis -- Bob Yirka, Medical Xpress)

• 2015 Apr From the worm to the pill, the parasitic worm product ES-62 raises new horizons in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis -- Full text | PDF

• 2014 Jul Lessons from helminth infections: ES-62 highlights new interventional approaches in rheumatoid arthritis -- Full text | PDF

• 2011 Aug 8 Impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection on collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice: a murine model of human rheumatoid arthritis -- Full text | PDF

• 2011 Impact of Schistosoma japonicum infection on collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice: a murine model of human rheumatoid arthritis -- Full text | PDF

• 2009 Mar Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces severity of collagen-induced arthritis via down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators

Media Coverage

• 2016 Jul 5 Helminth Therapy in RA - Stephanie Pappas, Rheumatology Network

The anecdotal evidence

• Personal stories: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

See also

• Personal stories: Arthritis
• Personal stories: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA)
• Personal stories: Osteoarthritis (OA)

The reintroduction to the digestive tract of a controlled number of specially domesticated, mutualistic helminths (intestinal worms) in the form of microscopic eggs or larvae to reconstitute a depleted biome to treat or prevent chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other immune-related disorders, including allergy.